Polenta, Angelo ndi Demoni

Kubwerera Kumbuyo

Anthu ambiri amaganiza za pasitala ngati Italian Dish, ndipo izi ndi zoona ku Peninsula zambiri, makamaka kum'mwera. Polenta, komano, inali chakudya chodalirika cha osawuka kumpoto, makamaka omwe amakhala kunja kwa dzikoli. Asanayambe chimanga kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1700, idali ndi mbewu ndi nyemba zophika komanso zophikidwa ku bowa, zokhala ndi mafuta, anyezi, fennel, uchi, kapena chilichonse chomwe chinalipo.

Osalimbikitsa, koma ndithudi ali ndi thanzi loti azisunga anthu amoyo.

Poyamba chimanga, zinthu zinasintha kwambiri, monga momwe eni eni a nthaka adadziwira kuti mbewu zatsopanozo zinali zopindulitsa kwambiri kusiyana ndi mbewu zamtundu, ndipo potero, akhoza kupereka minda yawo ku mbewu zomwe zingawabweretsere ndalama ngati ali ndi malo awo alimi amakhala ndi chimanga. Mbewuyi inali yamatalala monga kalembedwe ka kale, ndipo polenta inatanthawuza kuti chimanga chakudya chimanga. Banja losauka lisanayambe lisanapitirizebe kanthu, monga Pasquale Villari adalemba mu bukhu lake, Lettere Meridionali, mu 1886:

"... Alimi akudziwika kuti disobbligati (ogwira ntchito masiku) amathandiza mabanja oposa 20,000 kuzungulira Mantova, ndipo pali ena ambiri omwe sali abwino kwambiri. Ogwira ntchitowa amalandira malipiro pafupifupi 1.2 Lire pa tsiku, ndi mavuto awo otsiriza 10, 12, komanso maola 14 tsiku lililonse, komiti (kufufuzira za anthu ogwira ntchito) imangotchula kuti iwo akugonjetsa. Alimi ndi mabanja awo amakhala ndi moyo wokhazikika pa polenta, omwe amawonjezera anyezi ndi tchizi Madzulo, koma osati nthawi zonse Pamene akugwira ntchito amadya mkate ndi msuzi kamodzi pa sabata, koma m'nyengo yozizira ndi mapuloteni am'mawa m'mawa ndi usiku, ndipo nthawi zitatu zimadya nthawi zambiri. Zopangidwa kuchokera ku chimanga chomwe chawonongeka chifukwa chosowa zitsulo, ndipo zimakhala zowawa kapena zikumera. Zinthu izi zikuipiraipira tsiku ndi tsiku, ndipo zayamba kukhudza alimi olemera kwambiri, mpaka atayamba kugulitsa nkhumba zawo , ndi por Kukolola kwa tirigu kumatsimikiziridwa ndi mabungwe awo, kugula chimanga kuti azikhala ndi njala m'nyengo yozizira.

Tsoka, kungokupera chimanga kuti chimanga chibweretse chakudya chomwe chimadzaza koma osati chopatsa thanzi, momwe dongosolo la munthu lakumverera silingathe kupeza zakudya (Amamindi omwe ankakhala pa chimanga anachipanga icho mosiyana). Pokhapokha pokhapokha pokhapokha pokhapokha phalagra, yomwe imatchulidwa ndi " Villari kachiwiri " imayamba ndi mutu ndi ululu wammbuyo, kupweteka kwa mapeto, ndi zowawa m'mimba. Amayamba, amayamba mu thunthu ndikufalikira kumapeto ndi malirime. Matendawa ndi matenda opitirira, koma amatha kukhala ovuta kwambiri, ngati typhus, ndi kupha mwamsanga. Komabe, nthawi zambiri amatenga miyezi yambiri, ndi zovuta zomwe zimapweteketsa wodwalayo ndipo amatha kumupha m'njira zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimatsanzira matenda ena. Nthawi zambiri zimapangitsa misala, yomwe imakhalanso pakati, ndipo imatenga mitundu yambiri, makamaka kuvutika maganizo ndi kukhumudwa ... "

Bwanji, inu mukudabwa, kodi aliyense angafune kuti adye chakudya chimene chimabweretsa izi zonse?

Yankho lake linali kuti panalibenso china, ndipo iwo omwe sanathe kusamukira analibe mwayi. North Italians adakali kudya lero, chifukwa ndizokoma kwambiri, zogwiritsira ntchito kwambiri, komanso zabwino zotsatizana ndi mitundu yonse ya zinthu. Ngakhale zikhoza kugulidwa okonzekera, purists ndi olondola poti zomwe mumapanga kunyumba ndi zabwino.

Kupanga Polenta | Polenta Maphikidwe ndi maphikidwe oyenerera polenta

Njirayi ndi yolunjika patsogolo. Mufunika:

• Pulogalamu imodzi kapena masentimita ochepa kwambiri (omwe mukufuna chimanga kudya chakudya chosasunthika cha mchenga, osati ufa, komanso ngati pali miyala yamtengo wapatali)
• 2 madzi amadzi otentha (athandizidwe kwambiri)
• Kasipuni yamchere ya mchere

Ikani madzi pamoto wapamwamba ndipo muonjezere mchere. Pambuyo pa chithupsa, onjezerani chakudya cha chimanga pang'onopang'ono (simukufuna kuti mphika usiye kuwira), kuyambitsa nthawi zonse ndi supuni ya matabwa kuti zisamapangidwe kuti zisapangidwe. Pitirizani kuyendetsa, mofanana, monga mush thickensens, pafupifupi theka la ora (pamene mukupangitsa kuti polenta ikhale yabwino, polenta yomalizira iyenera kukhala ndi mbatata yosakaniza), kuwonjezera madzi otentha ngati n'kofunikira.

Polenta imatha pamene imachokera pambali pa mphika.

Amatumikira 4.

Izi ndizomwe mungapeze m'mabuku onse ophika a ku Italy, ndipo zimatenga khama labwino chifukwa ngati mutasiya kuyambitsa polenta kumamatira ndi kuyaka - khama lokwanira kuti kampani ikupangire paioli zoyamitsa pamoto kuti zisamalire zosangalatsa. Amagwira ntchito bwino, koma mumayenera kugula.

Yohane m'malo mwake analemba kuti andiuze za njira yosavuta kwambiri:
"Wotsitsimula kuti achite" Verza e Luganega "ngati mukuwotcha apa (Arese, kunja kwa Milan), mwafunsanso mapulogalamu anu omwe amachititsa kuti mukhale ndi mantra yomwe simukulimbana nayo. ndipo avomereze kuti izi zinkangokhalira kukondwera chifukwa chopanga nthawi zambiri polenta.

"Mpaka bwenzi lathu Patrizia akufotokozera banja lina kupita ku Valle d'Aosta, iwo anapita ku trattoria madzulo, madzulo, ndipo adafunsa ngati angadye, inde, akhoza. Inde, subito Ngakhale ngakhale patadutsa zaka zitatu zapitazi, izi zimawoneka zosamvetseka ngati nthawi zonse zimayenera kupangidwa mwapadera pamagulu a mphindi 40.

"Ndipo adauzidwa chinsinsicho:
"Konzani polenta yanu monga momwe kale, koma mutangoyamba kufaka ufa wa chimanga m'madzi otentha, mumaphimba ndi pepala lofiira (Ndikutsegula pepala la bulauni lomwe timapeza chakudya chathu), kukanikiza chivindikiro, kusuntha Pambuyo pa mphindi makumi anai, mphindi makumi anayi, mphindi makumi asanu ndi zitatu, mphika wanu umakhala wokonzeka - osasunthika. Zidzakhalanso zotentha kwa ... aliyense atembenuka maola awiri mochedwa masana.

"Ife tayesera izo ndipo izo zimagwira ntchito kwenikweni."

Remo imaperekanso njira ina yomwe ili yabwino ngati mukufuna kukonzekera:
"Agogo anga achikulire (omwe anabadwira ku Italy) anandiphunzitsa zaka zambiri zapitazo kuti ndipewe kukhumudwa kuti ndiyambe kusuntha ndi kusonkhezera polenta. M'maŵa mumakhala ndi phokoso losalala, lopangidwa ndi mafuta omwe mumalota pokhapokha. Gawo limodzi lingapangidwe m'mbale yosungiramo madzi monga momwe mumagwiritsira ntchito mbale yowonjezera. mphika. "

Loris adawerenga maganizo a Remo ndipo akuti,
"Lingaliro lalikulu ngati mukupanga zokwanira kwa anthu owerengeka.Koma, pamene tipanga izo, nkhani ya banja nthawi zambiri imakhudzana ndi anthu 5-10, kapena kuposa, kuti tidye chakudya chomwe tapeza, kuti tipewe Ziphuphu zomwe zimaphatikizapo kuwonjezera chakudya cha chimanga m'madzi otentha, ndi kugwiritsa ntchito osakaniza dzanja . Wosakaniza sagonjetsanso zokondweretsa zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pofuna kupewa polenta kuchoka pansi pamphika, koma zitsi zimatsimikizika. "

Gian John Banchero m'malo mwake amagwiritsa ntchito Pressure Cooker:
Ndine wochokera kwa bambo wa Piemontese ndi amayi a Sicilia. Mayi analibe kugwirizana kwenikweni ndi polenta kotero kwa zaka zambiri zomwe adazipanga kuti aziwotcha, nthawi zina ndikumvetsa chisoni cha achibale anga akumpoto amene akugwiritsabe ntchito pulogalamu ya mkuwa, akunyada ndi mafuta awo okongola.

Ndimapanga polenta m'kati mwake kuti ndipange 99% panthawiyi, ngati sindikuganiza kuti ndizipanga nthawi zambiri.

Pa ulendo wanga womaliza ku Piemonte ndi ku Milano, ndinadabwa pozindikira kuti achibale ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito njira yopanikizika.

Imeneyi ndi njira yanga (ndi yamayi) yogwiritsira ntchito vaphika ophikira:

• Zakudya za polenta ndi madzi zimafunikira
• Lump wa mafuta
• Mchere

Ponyani zonse zogwiritsira ntchito muzophika , zophimba. Kutentha kwakukulu kumabweretsa zonse ku chithupsa chakuthwa, kuphimba dzenje la nthunzi (chirichonse chomwe chimatchedwa), kutenthetsa kutentha kwa moto wotsika kwambiri ndi kuphika kwa mphindi khumi. Kamodzi kukakamizidwa kwatsika - kaya mwachibadwa kapena pansi pa madzi ozizira - chotsani chivindikiro ndikupatsani polenta chisokonezo chabwino kuti mugwirizane ndi madzi. Plop kunja pa bolodi ndikutumikira mwachizolowezi.

Mfundo yomalizira: Pamene polenta ndi yabwino chaka chonse, kuzipanga m'chilimwe kudzatenthetsa khitchini yanu, zomwe mungathe kuchita popanda. Kukonzekera kwazamalonda kazamalonda sikugwirizanitsa ndi mapangidwe apanyumba koma kumagwira ntchito ndipo ndi nthawi yowopsya. Osatchulidwa ozizira.

Polenta: Mbiri ndi mbiri | Polenta Maphikidwe ndi maphikidwe oyenerera polenta

• Polenta ndi Black Leaf Kale - Polenta e Cavolo Nero
  Ngakhale kuti amwenye ambiri amagwirizana ndi cavolo nero ndi Tuscany, ikukula m'dziko lonse lapansi, ndipo izi zimachokera ku Valle d'Aosta. Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chakudya chimodzi.
• Cervo Stufato ai Funghi
  Nsomba yotchedwa Venison ndi bowa: zokoma!
• Calentita
• Kusiyanasiyana kwa Gibraltarian pa Panissa komwe kunabweretsa oyendetsa sitima za Ligurian.
• Saranya Polda
  Tsamba la Sardinian polenta labwino, limatulutsa tchizi ndi tomato msuzi; kuphatikizapo saladi wokhotakhota kudzakhala chakudya changwiro.
• Polenta ndi Fagioli, Fave e Cavoli
  Polenta ndi kabichi ndi nyemba , frugal yozizira.
• Polenta del Reggitore
• Maluwa otsekemera ndi maluwa othamanga kwambiri.
• Frittelle di Polenta a Lodigiana
• Chokoma kwambiri cha polenta fritters chodzaza ndi prosciutto ndi tchizi. Ndibwino kuti mukuwerenga
• Polenta pasticciata alla tirolese
• Chovala chopangidwa ndi polenta chokongoletsedwa ndi batala ya anchovy . Mwamsanga, ndi zabwino mu kasupe kapena kugwa.
• Sea Scallops ndi Bowa Pa Polenta
  Chinsinsi chokoma kuchokera ku Stuart Borken.
• Polenta Pasticciata ku Milanese
• Chovala chokongola chophika polenta ndi nyama ndi bowa kuti zisunge nyengo yozizira.
• Polenta Pasticciata ku Lombarda
  Chomera chophika chophika ndi tchizi chomwe chingathandize kuti nyengo yozizira ikhale yovuta.
• Polenta Pasticciata ali ndi Salsicce
  Mavitamini ophika ndi sausages, njira yowonongeka ya chakudya chamadzulo, kapena chakudya chosavuta.
• Polenta Pastizada Trionfo Friulana
  Chovala chosavuta kwambiri chophika chophimba, malo abwino kwambiri opangira chakudya.
• Pasticcio di Polenta e Gorgonzola
• Chakudya chokoma, chosangalatsa chomwe chimakhala bwino m'nyengo yozizira.
• Vizinesi ya Polenta
  Polenta, yokhala ndi zonyowa ndimu, shuga, ndi yokazinga: chakudya chodyera kapena chakudya cham'mawa ku Mantova.
• Falai ya Polenta
  Polenta ndi nyemba zimapanga chokoma choyambitsa chophimba, kapena chotsatira chabwino ku chotuka kapena mphodza.
• Polenta Vuncia
  Polenta yodzala ndi batala ndi tchizi. Zokhetsa dovu!.
• Fagiolata
  Piiemonte ndi ofanana ndi nkhumba ndi nyemba ziri bwino kuposa polenta.
• Fasuleda
  Chomwecho ndi chomwe chimapangidwa ku Emilia pafupi.
• Polenta ndi Osei Scappati
  Polenta ndi mbalame zomwe zinathawa - mphodza pamene asaka akubwera opanda kanthu.
• Goulash ndi Polenta
• Choonadi chophatikizidwa!
• Polenta ndi Baccalà ndi Vicentina
  Baccalà stewed mu mkaka ndi yabwino kwambiri ndi polanta makamaka yokazinga polenta malo.
• Polentone ndi Lumache
  Nkhono ndi polenta, zomwe zimachitika ku Lachisanu kumapiri kumene kunalibe nsomba iliyonse. Ndi malangizo okonzekera konkhono.
• Bue Brasato ndi Gnocchi di Polenta
  Ng'ombe yodzikongoletsera yokhala ndi mapuloteni monga mbali yodyera.
• Tchinoli ndi Chipangizo cha Contadina
  Chifuwa chosavuta chachilendo chomwe chingakhale chabwino ndi polenta.
• Cinghiale Kutaya Fuochi
  Nguluwe (kapena masewera ena) omwe amatsukidwa ndi kuwedzeredwa ndi marinade, amagwira ntchito bwino ndi polenta.
• Lombo di Maiale ali ndi Mele
  Nkhumba zodzala ndi maapulo ndizozungulira zonse ndipo zidzagwira ntchito bwino ndi polenta.
• Agnello con le Olive Nere
  Kuwidwa kwa azitona zakuda kumamveka bwino kumapatsa mwanawankhosa wochuluka.
• Ossa dei Morti
  M'madera ena a dera la Veneto, makekewa amapangidwa ndi mtanda wochokera ku polenta.
• Verze e Luganega
  Msuzi wa Luganega (re-link sausage) ndi Savoy kabichi ndi ofanana kwambiri ndi polenta.

Kuphimba (pakalipano), polenta ndiyodabwitsa kwambiri ngati chokondweretsa, kudula masentimita 1, masentimita atatu, yokazinga ndi kufalikira ndi msuzi wa bowa kapena chiwindi cha chiwindi.
Sangalalani!

Polenta: Mbiri ndi mbiri | Kupanga Polenta