Kudula kwa Italy kumapangidwa kawirikawiri kuchokera ku nkhumba: salami, prosciutto, salsiccia, finocchiona, pancetta, ndi zina zotero, zomwe zimatchedwa salumi . M'mbuyomu, zonsezi zinapangidwa pamene nkhumba zinkaphedwa kumapeto kwa nyengo yozizira kapena kumayambiriro kwa nyengo yozizira ndikuika pambali kuti pakhale chakudya chamoyo pa miyezi yowonjezera pamene chakudya chosafunika chikhoza kupasula mofulumira. Popeza mayina awo amasiyana mosiyana ndi malo ku Italy, tiyambe kunena zomwe ziganizo izi zikutanthauza ku Tuscany, kumene ndikukhala:
Salami
Msuzi waukulu (masentimita 3-4 m'munsi) opangidwa ndi nkhumba pansi ndi mafuta azing'ono, okonzedwa ndi adyo, mchere, ndi zonunkhira, ndipo amalowa mu matumbo a nkhumba. Ndi msuwani wamng'ono ndi salamino, ndi kudzaza komweku (mafuta akhoza kukhala ochepa kwambiri) koma ochepa kwambiri. Tawuni ya Felino, ku Emilia Romagna, imadziwika ndi salamino. Salamino piccante, sallamino yokometsera, imapangidwa ndi tsabola wofiira okwanira kuti apereke ilo lodziwika bwino la lalanje; ku US amadziwika kuti pepperoni.
Prosciutto
Anthu alembera mabuku okhudza kumpoto kwa Italy kwa machiritso ovuta. Mwachidule, amatha kugawa m'magulu awiri, dolce (okoma), ndi salato , casalingo , kapena Toscano (salty, homemade, kapena Tuscan). Choyambiriracho ndi choyeretsedwa komanso chodula kwambiri.
Mitundu yambiri ya prosciutto dolce ndi Parma ndi San Daniele. Onse awiri ayenera kukhala ndi nyama yofiira komanso mafuta oyera. Zakale zimakhala zozungulira koma m'malo mwake zimakhala zovuta, pamene omaliza akulimbikitsidwa kuti apereke makhalidwe awo "Stradivarian" (mwa amayi, malinga ndi Consorzio - amuna alibe chofunikira).
Komabe , salato yamtunduwu imakhala ndi mchere wochuluka kwambiri komanso imatsukidwa ndi mankhwala osakaniza otchedwa agliata , opangidwa ndi adyo ndi tsabola. Nyama nthawi zambiri imakhala yakuda kwambiri, ndipo mafuta akhoza kukhala obiriwira.
Mwachidziwikire, ku Italy, prosciutto crudo amatanthauza nyama yaiwisi, yophika mchere. Hamu yophika, imene inayamba mu 60s, ikutchedwa prosciutto cotto - kupatula pa pizzeria menus, kumene ndi chabe prosciutto ndipo prosciutto weniweni amatchedwa prosciutto crudo .
Salsiccia
Zosakaniza zapangidwe, zopangidwa ndi nthaka ya nkhumba, mafuta a nkhumba a nkhumba, zonunkhira, ndi zitsamba. Zimathetsedwa m'njira zitatu.
Zowonjezera pamene zatsopano, mu sangweji (zimayenera kukhala zatsopano, ndipo zimayenera kukhala zowononga nkhumba yaiwisi kuti zidyedwe motere - zowonjezera kuposa momwe ine ndimachitira).
Kuphika pamene mwatsopano - kaya ndi-kumalo otsekemera kapena kutsekedwa, monga chophikira mu mbale zina (mwachitsanzo, yesetsani kutsekemera kansalu kakang'ono kamene mumatulutsa nkhuku ).
Kagawidwa mwapang'ono, kamodzi atakhala okalamba kwa miyezi ingapo. Pankhaniyi, iwo ali ngati salami ndipo akhoza kukhala chithandizo chenicheni.
Finocchiona
Ndizosiyana pa salami zomwe zimati zimachokera kwa mbala pamtendere pafupi ndi tawuni ya Prato, amene adba salami yatsopano ndikuibisa pamtunda wa fennel. Pamene adabwerera, adapeza kuti adatenga mafuta a malo ake obisala ndipo adali oyenerera amulungu. Pali mitundu iwiri ya finocchiona.
Imodzi imatchedwa finocchiona, ndipo imapangidwa ndi nkhumba yabwino ndi nkhumba, yotayidwa ndi fennel, ndi okalamba kwa kanthawi; ndizokhazikika.
Wina amatchedwa sbriciolona, mawu omwe amatanthawuza kuti crumbly, ndipo ngakhale osakanizawo ali ofanana, ndiwowonjezereka kwambiri - mwatsopano kwambiri moti amangokungolani pokhapokha atapatulidwa pafupifupi theka la inchi lakuda.
Sbriciolona yabwino imadabwitsa kwambiri, makamaka pagawo la schiacciata (Mphepete mwachangu wa Tuscan wofanana ndi focaccia).
Pancetta
Zimatchedwanso rigatino (pang'ono pang'ono) ndi carnesecca (nyama zouma), izi zimapangidwa kuchokera mudulidwe womwewo kuti ukhale ndi nyama yankhumba. Komabe, sichimasuta (kwenikweni tsopano ilipo mu mitundu iwiri: dolce [yotsekemera] ndi yotupa [kusuta], ndipo palibe shuga. Monga adyo, mchere, ndi zonunkhira, makamaka, mlingo wodula wa tsabola watsopano . Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito monga zowonjezera zakudya zina, nthawi zina amapereka kukoma, ndi nthawi zina kutenga gawo lolamula, mwachitsanzo, pasita alla carbonara kapena pasitala yonse'arrabbiata . Pancetta imatha kugulitsidwa ndi kutumidwa, pomwe pamatchedwa pancetta arrotolata .
Capocollo
Komanso amadziwika kuti coppa, izi zimachiritsidwa.
Apanso yaiwisi, ndi yokonzeka ndi mchere, zitsamba, ndi zonunkhira.
Lardo
Mawuwo amatanthauzira ngati mafuta onunkhira, ndipo ndizimenezi, mafuta akuluakulu ndi mitsempha yochepa ya nyama yofiira, ochiritsidwa ndi zitsamba, tsabola, ndi mchere. Mafinya odziwika bwino a ku Italy amachokera ku tawuni yotchedwa Colonnata, yomwe ili pamtunda pakati pa miyala yamitundu iwiri ya miyala yamtengo wapatali ku Apuans pamwamba pa Carrara. Kumeneko ndi okalamba m'matumba a white Carrara marble.
Lardo angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati zakudya zowonjezera zakudya zina (muzing'ono zazing'ono, kapena zochepetsedwa ndi kuzungulira mdulidwe wina wa nyama), koma ngati ndi zabwino kwambiri, zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi Mulungu monga, mkate. Ngati cholesterol chiwerengero chanu chitha kutenga, ichi ndi chimodzi mwa zabwino kwambiri antipasti pali.
Amapatsa mafuta onunkhira omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pophika, monga mafuta, amatchedwa strutto.
Soppressata
Mu Tuscany, iyi ndi soseji yomwe imapangidwa makamaka ndi yotsala ya nkhumba cuttings - karola, mapepala a nyama, ndi zina zotero, zomwe zimapangidwira pakhungu la nyama ndi kuphika. Choncho, pakuwoneka, zikufanana ndi porchetta, nyama yophika nkhumba yophika ndi yopera. Komabe, kukoma kumeneku ndi kosiyana komanso makamaka; anthu amaonetsetsa alendo awo ngati iwo asanawapereke.
Trichinosis, iwe ukudabwa? Ziri zosadziwika ku Italy. Mchere ndi ukalamba, ndauzidwa, amasamalira tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Malinga ndi nthawi, muyenera kusamalira zakudya zanu, kupatula soseji, kwa masiku osachepera makumi anai, ndipo ndi ambiri, mwachitsanzo, prosciutto, nthawi zokometsera zidzakhalitsa. Anthu ambiri amadwala matendawa kwa chaka chimodzi, mwina amawapachika pamalo ozizira bwino podutsa mpweya kapena pansi phulusa lolimba.
KODI MUDZAKHALA CHIYANI KUDZIWA ZOKHUDZA PAKATI?
- Nyama, yomwe iyenera kukhala yapamwamba kwambiri yophimba nkhumba , ngati n'kotheka kuchokera ku nyama yomwe inakulira bwino.
- Mafuta a nkhumba. Apanso, khalidwe lapamwamba komanso mwatsopano.
- Adyo.
- Mchere. Ndikupita ndi mchere wa m'nyanja. Ku Italy, amatchedwa Sale Marino ndipo amagulitsidwa mobisa komanso mobisa. Mchere wosakhala m'nyanja udzagwira nthawi yaitali ngati mchere woyera, wopanda zowonjezera. Kugaya bwino kungakhale bwino mu kudzaza; mukakhala salting kudula kuchokera kunja mwina kumagwira ntchito ngakhale kuti ndikhoza kupita bwino.
- Mchere wambiri bwanji? Norcini (akatswiri akuchiza nkhumba) Ndayankhula kuti ndigwiritse ntchito 2.5-2.8% polemera pamene ndikupanga salami kapena mabala ena ozizira omwe ayenera kupita ku casings. Kotero ngati muli ndi mapaundi 100 a salami, mudzafunika 2.5 pounds mchere. Kwa ma soseti omwe adzaphika, mwachitsanzo, cotechino , amachulukitsa mchere pafupifupi 3%, kachiwiri ndi kulemera kwake. Popanda kutentha 3% zingapangitse nyama kukhala yochuluka, imati, pamene nyama yosachepera 2% imatha kupasula.
- Mafuta, omwe angaphatikizepo peppercorns lonse, nutmeg, mbewu za fennel, sinamoni, ndi cloves, malingana ndi maphikidwe.
- A chopukusira nyama. Mtundu wothandizira mtunduwu udzagwira ntchito bwino, ngakhale kuti udzafuna chopukusira mototo ngati mukugwira ntchito ndi mabuku akuluakulu.
- Maseŵera a soseji . Malinga ndi Cassandra Vivian, makasitomala amagulitsidwa mchere, ndipo phukusi lotseguka likhoza kukhala chaka chimodzi kapena kupitirira ngati litaphimbidwa mchere. Kuti awagwiritse ntchito, amauza kuti awatsuke bwino ndi kuwafinya kwa mphindi zisanu.
Mawu pa choyikapo zinthu: phukulani zoyika pansi mwamphamvu. Pamene simukufuna kudumphira ndi kugawanika, simukufuna kuti malo aliwonse a mpweya akhalebe, chifukwa ngati mthunzi wa mpweya ukhalapo, udzakhala malo omwe angasokonezeke. - Choyimira (chomwe chimatchedwa pettinino ku Tuscany - diski ndi misomali yambiri yochepa yomwe imatuluka mmenemo, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kutsekemera kansalu itatha.
Maphikidwe ndi Malangizo
Salame Toscano
Ndizokoma zonunkhira, zokometsera ndi adyo, mchere, ndi zonunkhira pang'ono.
Pancetta
Chofunika kwambiri chowotcha zakudya mu mbale zambiri.
Prosciutto Toscano
Tuscan kuchiritsa ham ndi chimodzi mwa zokondweretsa moyo moyo.
Finocchiona
Mofanana ndi salami, koma mosangalala flavored ndi fennel.
La Salsiccia di Lucca
Sausages a Classic Tuscan.
Zosangalatsa, maphikidwe angapo abwino, komanso zolemba zaumoyo. Kuchokera ku La Lama Zinsinsi za Banja.
[Kusinthidwa ndi Danette St. Onge pa May 26, 2016.]