Chakudya cha Chiyuda 101: Ulendo Woopsa wa Zakudya Zofunikira

Kodi, chakudya cha Chiyuda ndi chiyani? Ena anganene kuti ndi chakudya chimene Ayuda amadya, ndipo / kapena chakudya chomwe chimadya. Koma izi ndizopambana kwambiri, ndipo wina amanyalanyaza lingaliro lakuti chakudya cha Ayuda, chotengedwa kwathunthu, ndi chakudya chodabwitsa, chamitundu yonse, chodziwika ndi anthu. Kwa ambiri, ndiwo zakudya za chikhalidwe chawo (ie Ashkenazi, Sephardi, Mizrachi, etc.) - makamaka Shabbat ndi maulendo a holide-omwe amalembetsa monga "Ayuda". Koma zikhoza kutenga encyclopedia (osachepera!) Kufotokoza kukula kwa choonadi chophika cha Ayuda ndi miyambo ya chakudya. Ndipotu buku lakuti The Encyclopedia of Jewish Food , lolembedwa ndi wolemba mbiri yakale wotchedwa Rabbi Gil Marks, ndi lothandiza kwambiri popenda nkhaniyo. Mabuku a Cook , amathandizanso zambiri-osatchula mwayi wakulawa-chakudya chabwino kwambiri cha Ayuda. Pofuna kuti muyambe, pano pali zowonjezereka za mbale zamakono, pamodzi ndi zowonjezera zazingwe pakati pawo.

• 01 ya 09

  Shabbat ndi Holiday Breads

  Mkate ( lechem mu Chiheberi) unali mwala wapangodya wa Israeli wakale, komanso unkachita mwambo wamakhalidwe awiri mu kachisi komanso maholide. Choncho Ayuda a ku Yudeya adakhazikitsa miyambo yokhudzana ndi mkate ndi yosakayikitsa. Ngakhale kuti Ayuda m'madera onse padziko lapansi adalandira chakudya cha mayiko awo omwe amachitira alendo, mikate yosiyanasiyana ya Shabbat inatulukira (ngakhale kuti ena, mofanana ndi chala , nthawi zambiri ankakhudzidwa ndi zakudya zomwe zimawonekera m'madera ozungulira). Zina zapadera za Shabbat ndizo:

  • Jachnun, mkate wa Yemenite umene umaphika usiku wonse ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito pa Shabbat chakudya chamadzulo ndi tomato ndi moto wodalirika zachu .
  • Kubaneh, mkate wina wa Yemenite wophika pang'onopang'ono, uli ndi chizolowezi chodula, ndipo nthawi zina umakhala ndi mazira onse.
  • Dabo, mkate wokoma-wokoma, wokometsetsa, wokometsedwa ndi Beta Israeli Ayuda a ku Ethiopia pa Shabbat ndi maholide. Ngakhale kuti injera yomwe idadyedwa pamlungu imapangidwa ndi ufa wa teff, dabo amapangidwa ndi tirigu.
  • Matzo, chophatikizira chophweka chachiwiri chotupitsa chopanda chotupitsa, ndi mkate wodabwitsa wa Pasika. (Ngati mukuganiza kuti ngati chimphona chachikulu, onaninso kuti matzo oyambirira anali wodalirika, mkate wa lafa , ndipo ena adakali ndi chizolowezi choti adye "otchedwa matzo."

  Mafuta a tsiku ndi tsiku, pita, bagels , bialy ndi malawach (mkate wa Yemenite wotchuka ku Israeli) ndi ena mwa iwo omwe amagwirizana kwambiri ndi chakudya cha Chiyuda.

• 02 a 09

  Zizindikiro

  M'mayiko otetezeka a Ayuda a Sephardi ndi a Mizrahi, nthawi zambiri chakudya chimayamba ndi chisankho cha appetizers, chotumikira ma teze; Kapangidwe ka chakudya ichi kanasankhidwa ndi Ayuda. Ashkenazi Myuda, nayenso, akhala akuyamikira chakudya cha palate-kutsegula mbale, potsiriza akupanga mawu akuti "malo okongola" omwe amachititsa kufalitsa ndi kusuta nsomba kumayambitsa (kapena nthawi zina) chakudya. Zithunzi zachikhalidwe zimaphatikizapo:

  • Chiwindi chodulidwa chinakhala chotchuka chifukwa cha Ayuda a ku France apakatikati, amene adalenga atsekwe chifukwa cha schmaltz (mafuta ophika), ndipo kenako anagwiritsa ntchito ziwindi zonenepa. (Chodyera cha ku France cha foie gras chinayambira pazimenezi.) Masiku ano, chiwindi chodulidwa chimapangidwa kuchokera ku nkhuku kapena chiwindi cha ng'ombe.
  • Carciofi alla Giudia , kapena njira yachiyuda yokazinga yophika, ndiwo chakudya chachiyuda chachiyuda chomwe chimapezekabe m'madera odyera ku Italy. Artichokes, zomwe zafotokozedwa mu Talmud, zinkaonedwa kuti ndi "Ayuda" ndiwo zamasamba, ndipo chifukwa cha kukonzekera monga chonchi, anthu a ku Italy omwe sanali Ayuda adalandira iwo. Chodabwitsa ndi chakuti, anthu ambiri achiyuda a Orthodox sakondwera kwambiri, chifukwa chodandaula chifukwa cha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda .
  • Mitundu yamitundu yonse imatchuka m'dziko lonse lachiyuda. Garlic dill nkhaka pickles ndizopadera za Ashkenazi, pamene amazi, kapena amango ophika, amafalikira kwa Ayuda a Bagdhad kupita ku Iraq. Kolifulawa yokongola kwambiri imapezeka ku Israeli, pamene azitona, zomwe zimachiritsidwa kupyolera mu pickling, ziri ndi tanthauzo lapadera monga imodzi mwa Zisanu ndi ziwiri za Israeli .
  • Gundi, wapadera wachiyuda wa ku Perisiya, amawotchera zonunkhira zopangidwa kuchokera ku ufa wa chickpea ndi nkhuku kapena nkhuku. Amatumizidwa monga appetizers, kapena kuwonjezera ku supu.
  • Zina zoterezi zimaphatikizapo zipsera monga hummus, matboucha ndi baba ghanoush, nsomba zokhala ndi zokoma monga bourekas ndi nsomba zam'madzi ndi nsomba kapena fodya wosuta .

• 03 a 09

  Zowonongeka Zophika Zophika

  Chifukwa kuphika sikuletsedwa pa Shabbat, ophika achiyuda amapanga maphikidwe othandizira zakudya zomwe zingasungunuke (kapena bwino kwambiri, kuzikongoletsa) pamene zophikidwa pasanapite nthawi ndikuzizira. Nazi kusiyana kwakukulu:

  • Chosangalatsa, ngakhale kuti chinali chogwirizana kwambiri ndi Ayuda a Kum'mawa kwa Ulaya, mwachionekere chinachokera ku France. Zakudya zowonjezera, monga mbale, zimakhala ndi ng'ombe, balere, mbatata ndi nyemba.
  • Pali kusiyana kwakukulu pa dafina, mphodza ya Shabbat ya Morocco. Ng'ombe ndi nkhuku, mbatata, nkhuku, mazira-mazira, masiku, mpunga ndi barele kapena tirigu zipatso ndi zina mwazolowera.
  • Tabeet ndi nyama yachiyuda ya mpunga wophika mpunga omwe amachedwa kupopera pabedi la mpunga, zonunkhira ndi mazira.
  • Doro wot , chakudya cha dziko la Etiopiya, ndilo gawo lopangidwa ndi Shabbat la Ayuda a Israeli. Chophikiracho chimaphatikizapo nkhuku, anyezi, chigoba chonse cha mazira ndi zonunkhira kuphatikizapo mchitidwe wosiyana wotchedwa berbere.

• 04 a 09

  Msuzi

  Msuzi ndi ophunzirira, odyetserako chakudya komanso osowa zakudya zam'madzi padziko lonse lapansi-kuphatikizapo zakudya zachiyuda zomwe zimadya chakudya. Msuzi ambiri amawonetsera omwe amakondwera ndi zikhalidwe zawo, ndi kusintha kwake. Zina zosangalatsa ndizo:

  • Msuzi wa Matzo mpira, wachikasu wa Ashkenazi, wopangidwa ndi msuzi wa nkhuku komanso mazira odyera.
  • Schav, supu ya sorelo, ndi borscht , supu ya beet, ndizozikonda kwambiri ku Eastern Europe.
  • Harira, msuzi wokhala ndi lentilo ndi pasitala ndipo nthawi zina nyama, amasangalala ndi Ayuda a ku Moroccan, ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuswa (kapena nthawi zina kuyamba), monga Yom Kippur kapena Tisha B'Av.
  • Gundi, supu ya Perisiya, imakhala ndi msuzi wamkuku wambiri ndi nkhuku.

• 05 ya 09

  Zakudya Zapamwamba

  Pakati pa tchuthi ndi Shabbat makamaka chakudya, nthawi zambiri nyama zimakhala ngati chakudya choyamba. Zakudya zamkati mu dziko la Ashkenazi zikuphatikizapo nyama yokazinga kapena yowongoka, monga brisket. Kabichi yosungunuka akhoza kutumikiridwa ngati chokondweretsa kapena mbale yaikulu. Zakudya za nkhuku ndizomwe zili pafupi ndi Ayuda padziko lonse lapansi. Ndipo m'madera a m'mphepete mwa nyanja ndi Mediterranean, nsomba ndizofunika kwambiri. Ma tajines a Moroccan , ndi makoreshts a Perisiya , mbale zonga zachakudya zomwe nthawi zambiri zimaphatikizapo zamasamba ndi nyama, zimakhalanso zapamwamba.

• 06 ya 09

  Zakudya Zakudya

  Zamasamba ndi mbewu za mitundu yonse zimapanga njira zowonjezera mbale. Kwa Ashkenazim, kugels ya mikwingwirima yonse ndi mbali zamakono. Kasha Varnishkes , kapena mgwirizano wotsamira ndi zokometsetsera zopweteka zakutchire , ndi chakudya china cholimbikitsana. Tabouli, saladi wothira masamba , couscous, tajines ndi mbale zambiri zomwe zingagwire ntchito ziwiri monga Setirdi ndi Mizrahi.

• 07 cha 09

  Zolemba Zapadera

  Zakudya za masiku a tchuthi zimakhala zosiyana pakati pa Ayuda a Ashkenazi, Sephardi, ndi Mizrahi. Koma m'mabuku ena ofunikira, pali zodabwitsa zambiri. Mwachitsanzo, pa tchuthi la Pasika, matzo ndi chizindikiro chapadziko lonse, monga choroset , chipatso ndi mtedza womwe ndi wofunika kwambiri ku Seder chakudya. Pali mitundu yambiri yosiyanasiyana ya charoset , yomwe imasonyeza kuti paliponse chakudya komanso zakudya zambiri. Koma charoset palokha imakhala nthawi zonse, zomwe sizili choncho ndi zakudya zina za tchuthi. Mwachitsanzo pa Purimu, Ayuda aku Ashkenazi amakonda ku hamantaschen , pamene Sefadidi amasankha m'malo mwake kuti mtanda wokazinga wakuda umatanthauza kufotokoza makutu a Hamani. Pa Rosh Hashana, Ayuda a Ashkenazi akhoza kudya uchi kapena kukonzekera tzimmes kuti apange chaka chatsopano, pamene Ayuda a Sephardi ndi Mizrahi angasangalale ndi chakudya chofanana cha Seder-chofanana . Ma Latkes ndi oyenera kwa Asikenazim ku Hanukkah, pamene Ayuda Achigiriki angasankhe Loukoumades .

• 08 ya 09

  Chakudya cha Israeli

  Israeli wamakono ndiwotcha msuzi wochuluka wokhudzana ndi zakudya zakumudzi-monga nyumba kwa Ayuda omwe akuchokera kudziko lonse lapansi, akukhala m'dziko laling'ono, pali zambiri zowonongeka, pakati pa Ayuda ndi pakati pa Israeli ndi Aarabu omwe ali pafupi nawo. Zakudya zamkatizi zimaphatikizapo falafel , shakshouka ndi bourekas , zimakhala ngati tahini ndi zchug, zinthu zakumwa monga labneh ndi gvina levana, zonunkhira monga za'atar ndi sumac. Ndipo kadzutsa lodziwika kwambiri la Israeli ndi chithunzi chake.

• 09 ya 09

  Desserts

  Mawotchi a mitundu yonse amasangalala pa Shabbat ndi maholide, omwe athandiza kuwamasulira kuti aziwoneke. Zina ndizoti tchuthi, monga nyamayi ndi sufganiot . Maswiti ena odziwika ndi awa: rugelach, babka , maamoul, ma Persian chickpea cookies otchedwa Nan-e Nokhodchi, otchedwa Apple Cake , Halvah ndi Middle Eastern pudding malabi.