Ngati muli ngati ine, mwinamwake mukuwopsezedwa ndi chunk yaikulu ya ng'ombe. Kodi mudagula chidutswa choyenera? Kodi muyenera kuphika bwanji? Nchiyani chikuchitika mkati mwa nyama pamene ikophika? Ndipo mungatani kuti muthe kuyamwa ndi juiciness? Werengani kuti mudziwe kuphika ng'ombe.
Anthu ambiri amatha kudula ng'ombe zamphongo pokhapokha pamisonkhano yapadera. Nthiti ya nthiti, ng'ombe yamphongo, kapena mphika wophika ndi okwera mtengo ndipo imayenera kukhala ndi mwambo wapadera monga holide kapena tsiku lobadwa.
Ng'ombe yanu ya ng'ombe idzakhala yopambana kwambiri mukamvetsetsa pang'ono za momwe thupi limakhalira komanso momwe limakhalira.
Malo, Malo, Malo
Nyama ndi minofu. Kaya ali ndi mafuta ochuluka kapena pang'ono, amafunikira kutentha kapena kutentha kuti aziphika, ndipo kuwala kapena kofiira kumadalira malo ake pa nyama. Mafuta, collagen, mapuloteni, shuga, ndi madzi zimachita mwanjira yapadera mkati mwa minofu ya ng'ombe pamene imakonzedwa ndi yophika.
Kwa ng'ombe, pali 'masewera oyambirira' asanu ndi atatu. Pamwamba pa chinyama, kuyambira pafupi ndi mutu ndikubwerera kumchira, iwo ndi chuck, nthiti, chifupi , tchire, ndi kuzungulira. Pansi pa chinyama, kuchokera kutsogolo kupita kumbuyo, iwo ali brisket, mbale, ndi flank. Chifundo kapena kuuma kwa mdulidwe kumadalira kuchuluka kwa nyama zomwe zakhala zikugwiritsidwa ntchito. Choncho, kudula pafupi ndi phewa kapena mwendo, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri kuti ziziyenda, zidzakhala zolimba. Minofu yomwe sagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, pakati pa nyama, imakhala nthiti, mbale, ndi malonda.
Kudula uku kumaphika m'njira zosiyanasiyana kuti zikhale bwino ndi kukoma mtima.
Vuto lalikulu pofotokoza kudulidwa kwa nyama ndikuti ambiri ogula ndi ogulitsa ali ndi mayina awo. Mwachitsanzo, mphalapala wa New York ungathenso kutchedwa Kansas City steak, Delmonico steak, kampani yopanda boneless, steak, ndi shell steak.
Ngati simukudziwa za kudula kwa nyama zomwe mukugula, funsani mfuti. Iye adzasangalala kukuuzani komwe kudula kunachokera. Ndipo malingana ngati mawu akuti 'primal cut' atchulidwa, mukhoza kukhala okonzeka kuti mukudziwa kumene nyamayo inalipo pa nyamayo.
Zomwe Zimayambitsa Nyama
Nkhumba imatengedwa ngati 'nyama yofiira' chifukwa minofu ya nyama imasowa oksijeni kwambiri pamene ikugwira ntchito yosunga ng ombe ndikuyendayenda. Myoglobin ndi molekyu imene imagwira mpweya wozungulira thupi; Ndi yofiira, choncho minofu yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito zambiri imakhala ndi myoglobin yambiri ndipo idzakhala yofiira kwambiri.
Mapuloteni, Madzi, Mafuta, Shuga, ndi Collagen
- Pamene nyama yophikidwa, mapuloteni a mapuloteni , omwe amawonda mwamphamvu komanso okhudzana ndi ma molekyulu ena, choyamba musamasuke. Izi zimatanthawuza kuti 'kutayira', ndipo zonse zikutanthauza kuti mapuloteni amasangalala ndikulekanitsa. Chifukwa chakuti mapuloteni amakopeka wina ndi mzache, amakhala pafupi ndi mapuloteni ena, kupanga mapangidwe. Izi zimatchedwa 'coagulating' kapena kuphika. Pamene kutentha kwakukulu kumagwiritsidwa ntchito, matumba a mapuloteni amatha. Mpaka madigiri 120 F, mtolowo ukugwera m'lifupi. Pambuyo pa madigiri 120 F, matumbawo amayamba kuphuka patali.
- Madzi amapezekapo minofu. Zina mwa izo zimaphatikizidwa ndi mapuloteni, mafuta, ndi shuga, ndipo ena ndi 'madzi aulere'. Kuchuluka kwa madzi otsala pambuyo pa ng'ombe ikuphikidwa kumagwirizana ndi juiciness ya mbale yomaliza. Pamene mapuloteni amatha kusungunuka ndi mafuta amasungunuka mu minofu, madzi a mamolekyu amachotsedwa. Sikuti madzi ochulukirapo amafufuzidwa pamene mapuloteni amatha kupitirira. Koma pamene kutentha kumawonjezeka kuposa madigiri 120 F ndipo matumbawo amakhala ofiira, madzi ochulukira amadzipukuta kunja. Ichi ndi chifukwa chake ng'ombe yochuluka bwino yowuma kwambiri. Nthawi zophika ndi kutentha ziyenera kuyang'aniridwa pamene ng'ombe yophika.
- Mafuta ndi kukoma! Kudula bwino kwa nyama kudzakhala ndi madontho a mafuta oyera omwe amagawidwa mofanana ndi nyama. Kuchetsa kwa ng'ombe, monga kumbali ndi kuzungulira, kukhala ndi mafuta ochepa ndipo kungapindule ndi marinades ndi zowuma.
- Shuga imathandiza kwambiri mu ng'ombe, mtundu wake watha komanso kukoma kwake. Shuga ndi mapuloteni, pamene zimatenthedwa ndi malo opanda asidi, zimaphatikizapo kupanga ma molekyulu ovuta mu njira yotchedwa Maillard Reaction. Kutumphuka kokoma kwachisanu ndi chokoma ndi zolemera za caramel zokometsera zomwe zimapangidwa pa chidutswa cha ng'ombe zonse zimachokera ku machitidwe a Maillard . Kutentha kwakukulu kumafunika kuti izi zitheke kuchitika; Kuwotchera ndi kuyamwa ndi njira zabwino kwambiri. Mukhozanso kuwonetsa nyama musanaphike kuti muyambe Kuyankha kwa Maillard, ndipo mukhoza kuyamwa pamapeto pa nthawi yophika kuti mukwaniritse zotsatira zomwezo.
- Zina mwazinyama m'thupi zikuphatikizapo collagen ndi elastin. Izi ziripo mu minofu yogwira ntchito ya chinyama. Collagen idzasungunuka ngati itentha, kutembenukira ku gelatin ndikukhala wofewa ndi kusungunuka. Elastin ingangowonongeka mwakuthupi, monga pamene iwe umadula steak cube asanaphike kapena kupera nyama ya hamburger. Mafakitalewa amapezeka mu kudula, shank, chuck, ndi kuzungulira koyamba; mwa kuyankhula kwina, ng'ombe yomwe timaphika monga mphika ndi stews ndi hamburger.
Njira ziwiri Zophika
Pali njira ziwiri zophikira nyama: kutentha kowuma ndi kutentha kwamvula. Njira zowonjezera kutentha monga kuphatikiza, kuzizira, kugawa, kuwotchera, kuyambitsa kukaka, ndi kutentha kwambiri. Kutentha kwakukulu kumaphatikizapo kukongoletsa, mphika wokazinga, mphodza, kuyendetsa, kupha, komanso kupumira mofulumira. Ambiri a ife timaphika nkhumba ndi njira zowonjezera kutentha, pamodzi ndi mphika wokazinga, stewing, ndi yokaphika.
Mumasankha njira yophika malinga ndi kumene nyama inalipo pa nyamayo. Mitengoyi imadulidwa ku malo osungirako nyama, ndipo imakhala yofewa kwambiri ndi collagen ndi elastin, kotero zimaphika bwino pogwiritsa ntchito kutentha kowonjezera ndi nthawi zochepa zophika. Kuwombera kapena kuzungulira kumakhala ndi collagen ambiri kotero amafunika kutenthedwa, komanso motalika, kuphika pang'ono kuti asungunuke collagen.
Mabala ambiri olimba a ng'ombe akuphikidwa mu njira ya magawo awiri. Choyamba, kutentha kwakukulu kumapanga mauthenga a Maillard ndipo kumapanga kutentha kwakukulu pamwamba. Kenaka, pang'onopang'ono kuphika pa kutentha kwapansi kudzaphika nyamayo mopanda kupyola kunja. Ngati mukulipira steak, gawanizani grill yanu kumbali yotentha ndi yozizira poyang'anira chiwerengero cha briquette. Yambani steak pambali yotentha kuti mupange kutsetsereka ndi kukokera kumbali yozizira kuti mutsirize kuphika. Kuwotcha ndi kusokoneza ntchentche pogwiritsira ntchito njira imodzi yomweyi; Choyamba bulauni pamwamba pa kutentha kwakukulu, ndiye kuphika ndi kutentha pang'ono mpaka kutentha kwa mkati kumapezeka. Mukhozanso kuphika chowotcha ndi moto wotentha mu uvuni, kenaka mutembenuzire mafutawa kwa mphindi zochepa kuti mupange chinyezi chokoma.
Muyeso
Kuphika nyama ndikofuna kupeza kuchepetsa pakati pa kuchepetsa kutaya kwa madzi, ndi kuphika motalika kotero kuti collagen ikhoza kusungunuka mu gelatin. Ichi ndi chifukwa chake mphika ndi mabala omwe amawongolera amapangidwa pang'onopang'ono ndi kutentha; Mukuyesera kusungunula collagen ndikuchepetsa kuchepa kwa chinyezi. Kumbali ina, steaks alibe collagen, mofulumira kuphika pa kutentha kumapanga kutsetsereka kwabwinoko kotero kumateteza chinyezi chochuluka momwe zingathere.
Kuwonetsa nyama nthawi yambiri yophika sikusindikiza mu timadziti.
Kutsetsereka komwe kamakhala pamwamba kumathamanga! Kuwoneka ndikofunikira popanga zokometsera zovuta kwambiri zomwe zimakhala zabwino kwambiri mu ufa wophika bwino. Njira yokha yomwe mungathetsere juiciness ya ng'ombe yodulidwa ndi kuchepetsa nthawi yophika ndi kutentha. Zina mwazinthu zomwe simungathe kuzilamulira, kuphatikizapo momwe ng'ombe ikulira komanso yothandizira panthawi yosamalira ndikusungirako, kotero dziwani mfufuta wanu.
Nkhumba ya nyama imawathandiza pakuphika ndi kutumikira. Ntchentche ndi zitsulo zothandizira, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimagulitsidwa monga 'London Broil', zimakhala ndi minofu imodzi ndipo zimakhala ndi tirigu wautali, wodalirika womwe umadutsa podulidwa. Izi zimayenera kudulidwa mofanana ndi mbewu, kapena kudula njere, kudula minofu. Adzakhalanso achifundo. Ngati mutadula steaks ndi tirigu iwo adzakhala ovuta kwambiri kuti akhale inedible. Ikani steak pa bolodi lanu, ndi njere ya nyama ikuyenda kuchokera kumanja kupita kumanzere. Ikani mpeni wanu pa steak, kenako ikanikeni kumanzere. Icho chidzayika mpeni wanu pang'onopang'ono 45. Dulani steak mu magawo oonda.
Mukhoza kumadya nyama kuti muonjezere kukoma ndi kuwonjezera chikondi pang'ono. Ma marinades ali ndi acids, omwe amathyola mapuloteni awo (kutanthauza mapuloteni). Marinades sangapangitse nyama yolimba kuti ikhale yamchere , komabe; Ndikofunika kwambiri kugwiritsa ntchito njira yophika yoperekera nyama. Marinades amagwiritsidwa ntchito bwino kuwonjezera kukoma. Manyowa owuma ndi abwino kwambiri kuwonjezera kukoma kwa nyama, makamaka kuphulika kwachisanu ndi chiwombankhanga komwe kumapangidwa pamene nthunzi imakulungidwa.
Pomalizira, nthawi yoimirira ndiyofunika kuphika nyama yophika . Pamene nkhumba imatenthedwa, madzi amakakamizidwa kulowa pakati pa chidutswa komanso kutuluka m'mphepete. Madzi amenewa adzaphwanyidwa mosavuta kuchokera ku ng'ombe ngati kuponderezedwa kumagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mpeni. Pophimba ng'ombe kuti ikhale yotentha ndi kuimika kwa mphindi zisanu ndi zisanu (5-10 minutes) kuphika, madzi adzagawaniza ponseponse, kotero kuti zimakhala zovuta kuti zizimitsa madzi kupsinjika.
Kudula Kwakukulu
Kuwotcha, kuyamwa, ndi poto kumawotchera, kudulidwa kwabwino kwa nyama ndi nthiti za diso, nkhono, ndi fupa la T, zomwe zili ndi zofufumitsa . Sitima ya Sirloin ndi yozungulira idzakhala yolimba komanso yowuma. Ntchentche zaphala ndi zitsulo zowonongeka zimakhala bwino pamene zophikidwa mwamsanga ndi kuzidula pambewu, monga tafotokozera pamwambapa.
Kuwotcha, tchire topamwamba, tchuthi, kuima kwa nthiti , ndi top rump roast ndi anthu ofuna.
Poyambitsa kukaka, kutsogolo, kumtunda, ndi steak ndi zabwino. Mabalawa amafunika kuphika mofulumira, ndipo popeza elastin imathyoledwa chifukwa nyama imakhala yowonongeka, imakhala yotentha kwambiri.
Kwa kebabs, chikondi ndi bet bet. Mdulidwe wofatsawu umatenga oonetsera mosavuta ndipo ndi wachifundo kwambiri.
Pofuna kuphika poto ndi kumangirira, chuck ndi rump ndizocheka zabwino kwambiri. Kudula uku kumakhala ndi collagen ambiri ndipo amafunikira nthawi yayitali, kuphika pang'onopang'ono pamalo okondwa kuti athe kukhala ndi mtima wachifundo. Chuck ali ndi zokoma kwambiri ndipo ndi wachifundo kwambiri.
Kwa ng'ombe yamphongo, chuck ndiyo njira yopitira. Lili ndi mafuta ochulukirapo ndipo limagwiritsidwa ntchito mogwedeza. Ng'ombe yamphongo yowuma kwambiri ndi chuck, koma ngati simukudziwa, funsani!
Malamulo Ena
Nthawi iliyonse mukangoyamba kuphika nyama, pali malamulo awiri owopsa: yambani ndi poto kapena mazira, ndipo mutayika nyamayo kuphika, musaisunthe . Nyama idzamasulidwa pamene kutumphuka kwakha. Ngati mutayesa kusuntha nyama isanafike, idzagwetsa ndipo zinthu zambiri zokoma kuchokera ku Maillard Reaction zidzatsalira poto.
Ng'ombe yamphongo imayenera kuganizira zapadera. Mabakiteriya omwe ali pamwamba pa nyama amagawidwa pazitsamba zonse pamene ng'ombe ikutha. Chifukwa cha chitetezo cha chakudya , njuchi iyenera kuphikidwa ku kutentha kwa mkati mwa madigiri 160 F. Monga taphunzira, izi zikutanthauza kuti madzi ochulukirapo amachotsedwa kunja kwa nyama. Mungathe kufika pozungulira izi mwa kukupera ng'ombe zanu, koma ntchitoyi ndi yaikulu. Ndimakonda kuwonjezera ma hamburgers wothira madzi ndi ubweya kuphatikizapo zinthu zina monga masamba odulidwa ndi zosakaniza. Izi zidzathandiza kuti azimayiwa azikhala otentha komanso osangalatsa pamene akusunga banja lanu lotetezeka.
Nazi ena maphikidwe abwino kwambiri ophika ophika osiyana a ng'ombe:
- Chomera Chokwanira Chophika
Pakamwa panga mumangoganizira za njira yabwinoyi. Nkhumba imakhala yowawa kwambiri pamene imagwira ntchito, ndipo zokoma zimakhala zabwino kwambiri. - Mpunga Wophika
Kutentha, kutentha kwamtunda kwa ng'anjo yanu ndi kokwanira kuphika mphika wabwino kwambiri. Iyi ndi njira yabwino kwambiri. - Machira
Iyi ndi njira steak nyumba ntchito; Choyamba, mpweyawo umatentha kwambiri, kenako amawotcha mu uvuni kuti akhale wangwiro. - Mitengo ya Pesto
Pesto ya cheesy ndi yobiriwira imasungunuka mkati mwa nyama mu njira yosavuta imeneyi. Yang'anani pa steaks kuti iwo asagwedezeke, ndipo musaiwale za kuyima nthawi! - Ng'ombe Yophika Tenderloin
Kudula kwakukulu kwa ng'ombe kumeneku kumakhala kosangalatsa kwambiri. - Chophimba Choyambidwa
Nthiti yaikulu ndi mfumu ya ng'ombe. Ndi okwera mtengo kwambiri, choncho onetsetsani kuti mukuphika mosamala, kutsatira ndondomeko momveka bwino. - Ng'ombe Yophika ndi Zotsalira
Wophika pang'onopang'ono, kamodzinso, ndiwomangiriza woyenera wa nthawi yayitali, yopepuka. - Ground Beef Maphikidwe
Ng'ombe yamphongo imapangidwa kuchokera ku chuck yapadera. Yang'anani ndi mchenga wanu wokhudzana ndi mtundu wa ng'ombe umene umagwiritsidwa ntchito mu nthaka yomwe mumagula. - Zonse Zokhudza Meatloaf
Maphikidwe okomawa a nyama ya nyama komanso malangizo othandizira kupanga nyama yabwino kwambiri amakupangitsani kukhala mbuye. - Zakudya Zowonjezera 10 Zowonjezera
Pamene ndi nyengo yozizira, tembenuzirani ku maphikidwe ofulumira komanso ophweka, okoma kwa steak wothira.
Pali zambiri zamatsenga ndi zothandizira pa intaneti ndi mabala a nyama komanso amalimbikitsa mitundu yophika ndi nthawi. Ndapeza kuti magwerowa ndi awa:
- Chithunzi Chophika Nyama
- Mmene Mungamvetsetse Mitundu Yosiyanasiyana ya Ng'ombe
- Zonse Zokhudza Filet Mignon
- Chophika Chophika 101
- Maphunziro ndi Mabala a Steaks
- Momwe Mungayendetsere