Kuphika nthawi zonse kumafuna kutenthedwa kwa kutentha kuchokera kutentha kwa chakudya. Njira zonse zophika zingagawidwe m'magulu awiri: kutenthetsa thupi kapena kutentha. Kumvetsetsa momwe njira iliyonse ikugwirira ntchito kudzakuthandizani kupeza njira yophika yomwe ili yoyenera kwambiri pa zotsatira zomwe mukuyesera kuzikwaniritsa.
Njira Zophika Zofunda
Mu njira zophika zamadzi ozizira, madzi kapena nthunzi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuphika chakudya.
Zamadzimadzi zokometsera, monga msuzi kapena vinyo, zingagwiritsidwe ntchito monga chithunzithunzi cha kutentha kutentha ndipo zidzawonjezeranso kukoma pamene mukuphika. Kuthira zakumwa kuchokera kuphika kungagwiritsidwenso ntchito kupanga msuzi kapena katundu .
Njira zozizira kwambiri zimathandiza kwambiri kuchepetsa zida zolimba, monga mapuloteni a nyama kapena cellulose . Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, kuchepetsa kuchepa kungawononge zakudya zina, motero kutentha kwake kumakhala kosauka
- Kuyeretsa - Kuyeretsa kumaphatikizapo kutaya chakudya m'madzi otentha mwachidule ndikupeweratu kaye kaperekedwe kake mwa madzi ozizira. Kutupa koyera kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kumasula khungu pa zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba ndi kuimitsa chinthu chomwe chimayambitsa zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba kuti ziwonongeke. Zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba nthawi zambiri zimakhala zonyezimira musanakhale kuzizizira kuti zisunge mtundu wawo ndi zatsopano pamene akusungidwa.
- Kutentha - Pamtunda wa madzi, madzi otentha pa 212 ° F. Madzi otentha ali ndi zazikulu zazikulu, zomwe zingasokoneze kapena kuwononga zakudya zosakhwima. Kutentha kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kuphika kwambiri, zakudya zamtima monga nyemba, pasitala, kapena masamba ovuta. Chifukwa cha kutentha kwakukulu, kutentha nthawi zambiri ndi njira yophika mwamsanga.
- Kujambula - Kujambula kumaphatikizapo kuyimitsa kudula kwakukulu kwa nyama pang'onopang'ono madzi. Kusunga chakudya chophimba kumabisa mchere mkati mwake ndipo kumathandiza kukonza zokopa. Mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mabala nthawi zambiri amakhala vinyo, katundu, kapena timadzi ta nyama.
- Kuwongolera - Kutsegula chakudya kapena kumwa madzi mumadzi kapena madzi ena omwe afikira 160-180 ° F amatchedwa poaching. Madzi pa kutentha uku ndi otentha kuposa scalding koma sagwedezeka mwamphamvu ngati madzi otentha. Izi zimathandiza kuti zakudya zosakanizika ziziphikidwa popanda kusokonezedwa kapena kuonongeka. Poika nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mazira ndi nsomba, zonsezi zikanasweka ngati madzi akuwira mofulumira.
- Scalding - Madzi omwe afikira 150 ° F amaonedwa ngati scalding. Pa kutentha kotere, madzi adzakhala ndi ming'alu yomwe ili pambali kapena pansi pa chidebe chake chomwe sichimasula kapena kusuntha monga momwe zimakhalira ndi madzi akumwa kapena otentha. Njira yamakono imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuthandizira zowuma, monga shuga, ufa, kapena chokoleti, pulumutsani mosavuta mu madzi. Scalding inagwiritsidwanso ntchito m'mbuyomu kupha mabakiteriya mu mkaka musanafike phalaphala.
- Kuyimira - Kusuta zakumwa kuli pamwamba pa 180 F koma osati kuthamanga mwamphamvu ngati madzi otentha . Kutentha madzi kumakhala kowala bwino komwe kumabwera mofulumira kuchokera pansi pa mphika. Kuyimitsa ndi njira yowonjezera yowonjezera kuposa kuyiritsa ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi yayitali komanso yopepuka yophika chifukwa chakuti imakhala yochepa kwambiri kusiyana ndi yotentha. Nyama zowawa, msuzi, ndi stews nthawi zambiri zimawotchedwa chifukwa cha kutentha kwakukulu kwa nthawi yaitali.
- Kutentha - Kutentha kumaphatikizapo kutentha kwa madzi kudzera m'madzi opuwala kapena zakumwa zina. Imeneyi ndi njira yabwino kwambiri yophikira mofewa . Chifukwa chakuti chakudya sichiloledwa kukwera m'madzi otentha, chakudya chowotcha chimakhala ndi zakudya zambiri kuposa chakudya chophika kapena chosungunuka. Ophika amadzimadzi amatha kugwiritsa ntchito mpweya ndi kupanikizira kutentha kutentha pamwamba pa madzi otentha.
- Stew - Stewing ndi ofanana ndi kuyimirira kuti madzi amatha kutentha mpaka iyo imapanga bwino, koma mofulumira kusuntha mitsempha. Kusiyanitsa pakati pa stewing ndi kuyimirira ndikuti stew ambiri amakhala ndi madzi ochulukirapo kwambiri omwe amasungidwa ndipo amatumizidwa ndi chakudya monga msuzi. Msuzi ndiwothandiza kuchepetsa kudulidwa kolimba kwa nyama kapena masamba obiriwira.