Kulawa Kudzera M'madera Ofunika a Dziko la French Wine
France, chombo cha amayi cha zinthu zonse za vinyo, mtima weniweni wa kudzoza kwa vinyo padziko lonse lapansi, komanso njira yabwino kwambiri yokhudza kuyendetsa minda ya mpesa, miyambo ya winemaking, ndikugwira ntchito monga chowonekera kwambiri pa zochitika za masiku ano chakudya chapafupi ndi vinyo wamba. Ndipotu, dziko la France likhoza kuthyoledwa m'madera akuluakulu asanu ndi atatu ozungulira vinyo: Bordeaux, Burgundy, Loire Valley, Rhone Valley, Champagne, Alsace, Provence, ndi South France.
Momwe munthu amasankhira kuthana ndi chidziwitso cha alangizi a vinyo a dera kumadalira zonse zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi bajeti. Mwa kupeza nzeru zogwira ntchito za mphesa zazikulu ndipo potsirizira pake vinyo wokhudzana ndi dera la France, zowonongeka zimatha kudula pamodzi munda wamphesa wamphesa umene unayamba zaka mazana ambiri apita pamene asilikali achiroma ndi ambuye ena adakonza ziwembu zopangira malo amphesa.
M'kati mwa mapiri onse ofunika kwambiri, mphesa zasankhidwa pazaka zambiri kuti mphamvu zawo zapadera zizikhala bwino m'nthaka. Mphesa yomwe imasowa dzuwa ndi nyengo yozizira kuti ikhale yodzala msinkhu imapeza mapazi awo m'madera ozungulira nyanja ya Bordeaux kapena Mediterranean nyengo ya Provence ndi kum'mwera, madera a France kuphatikizapo Languedoc . Momwemonso, mphesa zomwe zingatuluke patsogolo zimapatsidwa nyengo zozizira, kulonjeza acidity ndi phokoso la palate wathanzi lidzagwetsa mizu m'madera ozizira kwambiri ku Champagne , Burgundy, Alsace ndi kupitirira.
Mayina a Maina ndi Maina a Mphesa
Kawirikawiri, vinyo wa ku France amapereka kulemera kwa malo omwe mphesa zimakula, kusiyana ndi mphesa. Pachifukwa ichi, ogula amakonda kupeza mayina, osati maina a mphesa pa botolo la vinyo wa ku France. Malo awa akhoza kukhala mayina akuluakulu, odziwika bwino a m'deralo monga "Bourgogne" (aka "Burgundy"), kapena mayina aing'ono omwe amadziwika ndi dzina lake monga a Burgundy otchuka a Nuits St.
Georges. Komabe, ogula ambiri a ku America adakali ndi chidwi chodziwa kuti mphesa zingapezeke muzigawo zosiyanasiyana za vinyo ku France. Kuti tichite zimenezo, tidzayesetsa.
Bordeaux - Mtsinje Ukuyenda Kudutsa
Monga dera lalikulu la winegrowing ku France, Bordeaux amapereka zosiyana kwambiri pa mitundu yonse ya mphesa wamkulu komanso masitala a vinyo opangidwa. Vinyo wa ku France akhoza kukhala ovuta kwambiri, choncho tiyambe ndi zofunikira. Vinyo wofiira kwambiri wa Bordeaux amamangidwa pamagulu atatu a mphesa: Cabernet Sauvignon , Merlot , ndi Cabernet Franc. Vinyo oyera a m'deralo amakhala makamaka ndi Sauvignon Blanc ndi Semillon, chifukwa zokondwa zamchere ndi zodziwika bwino za Sauternes .
O, ndipo mtsinjewu umadutsa ku Bordeaux, wotchedwa Gironde yomwe imakumba ku Dordogne ndi Garonne Rivers. Mitsinje ndi yofunikira, koma pamene ikuyang'ana mabanki a mtsinje amanyalanyaza kwambiri. Ndi mabanki a mtsinjewu, omwe amatchedwa "Bande lamanzere" (kumadzulo kwa Gironde) ndi "Right Bank" (kum'mawa kwa Gironde) omwe ali ndi makiyi omvetsetsa zambiri za Bordeaux.
Mitsinje Yabwino ya Bay Bank imadalira kwambiri Merlot kuti ikhale yotsiriza, pamene mavinyo a Left Bank nthawi zambiri amanyamula Cabernet Sauvignon kwambiri mu botolo.
Geography imathandiza kwambiri kugula Bordeaux, kufunafuna Right Bank, mabotolo ovomerezeka a Merlot? Kenaka dziwani mayina ena a mudzi omwe ali pa Right Bank. Mizinda monga St. Emilion, Pomerol, Fronsac, ndi malemba ambiri a "Cotes de Bordeaux" amabzala ku Right Bank.
Mavinyo a Left Bank - Kupita ku Cabernet Sauvignon? Kenaka dziwani midzi ing'onoing'ono yomwe idzawonekera pamabuku a botolo kuchokera ku Left Bank. Mizinda monga Medoc, Saint Estephe, Pauillac, Saint-Julien, Haut-Medoc, ndi Margaux wotchuka kwambiri. Zigawo zina ziwiri za Bordeaux zomwe zakhala zofunikira pa mtengo wawo wa mtengo wapatali komanso zokakamiza 50/50 za Merlot ndi Cab ndi Graves ndi Pessac-Leognan.
Burgundy - Nthano ya mphesa ziwiri
Ngati Bordeaux ndi mfumu ya French vinyo, ndiye Burgundy ndi mfumukazi. Maonekedwe, mafashoni ndi mbiri, dera lodziwika bwino la vinyo likhoza kuponyera machitidwe ovuta kuphatikizapo malingaliro ovuta pa botolo, koma kumbukirani kuti Burgundy akukwera kumbuyo kwa mphesa ziwiri zokha.
Kuliwerenga mosavuta - Pinot Noir (aka "Red Burgundy") ndi Chardonnay (aka "White Burgundy"), amaimira duo yamunda wa mpesa umene umamanga bwino kwambiri Burgundy. Mwamwayi, nthawi zambiri kumakhala kosavuta ku Burgundy.
Kuzipangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta - Dera laling'ono, koma lolemekezeka la makilomita 100 lingathe kukhala losasunthika m'zinthu zosiyana siyana (mavinyo a mudzi, Premier Cru, Grand Cru) ndi machitidwe opitiriza, mayina, ma communes, ndi minda ya mpesa. Kumayambira pati? Kuwotchulidwa kwa vinyo woyera, kuyang'anirani kwa AOCs a Cote de Beaune, Macon, Macon Villages, Pouilly-Fuisse ndi Chablis pamakalata a botolo. Cote de Nuits imakhudza kwambiri Pinot Noir kupanga, monga Mercurey, ndi Givry. Vinyo wa Burgundy ndi owuma, ndipo nthaka imayendetsedwa ndi mafotokozedwe enieni omwe amapezeka mkati mwa magawo a minda ya mpesa, komwe kumatchedwa "kutsekedwa," komwe kumapatsa chidutswa cha malo ku vinyo. Yembekezera mowa wambiri wa mowa ndi acidity mu botolo, ndi vinyo wofiira omwe amanyamula pang'ono kufika pamsinkhu wambiri ndipo amaletsa mphamvu ya oki. Derali labzala pafupifupi 60% Chardonnay.
Kuyambira nthawi ya Napolean, minda ya mpesa ya Burgundy yakhala ikugawikana pakati pa anthu olowa m'malo mwawo, ndipo lero izi zimakhala zochepa kwambiri chifukwa cha umwini. Mwachitsanzo, banja lingakhale ndi mizere ingapo m'munda wamphesa womwe umagawanika pakati pa 50 kapena kuposa. M'zinthu zina, makampani othandiza amagwira ntchito yofunikira pakuyendetsa kupanga nthaka komanso potsiriza vinyo.
Chigwa cha Rhone - The Great Divide
Pamene Chigwa cha Rhone chimawonedwa ngati dera limodzi la vinyo lomwe liri pamtsinje wotchuka wa Rhone, zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati malo awiri osiyana siyana a vinyo - amangoti ndi kumpoto kwa Rhone ndi kum'mwera kwa Rhone. Kupanga milandu pafupifupi 40 miliyoni ya vinyo pachaka, chigwa cha Rhone Valley chotchuka kuti chimatchuka chimachokera ku mphesa za Syrah ndi Grenache.
Kumpoto kwa Rhone - Pamphepete mwa minda yamphesa, nyengo yotentha, nyengo yozizira komanso gawo lotchedwa "otsetsereka" kapena Cote Rotie, malo otentha a kumpoto kwa Rhone akhoza kuthamanga kwambiri.
Zikafika ku mphesa za kumpoto kwa Rhone, zinthu zimayenda bwino kwambiri. Syrah ndiye wosewera yekha wa vinyo wofiira komanso madera a vinyo oyera omwe amadziwika bwino a Viognier, Marsanne ndi Roussanne akusewera. Apanso, mayina a malo akugonjetsedwa ndipo Hermitage, Cote Rotie, ndi Crozes-Hermitage ndi malo ofunikira kwambiri kupeza Rhone Valley Syrah. Vinyo wofiira otsekemera wam'mwamba amapeza kuti ali ndi mavitamini akuluakulu, omwe amakhala ndi maonekedwe abwino kwambiri ndipo amafunikira nthawi yowonjezera m'chipinda chapansi panthaka. Condrieu, yokhudzana ndi mphesa ya Viognier, ndi vinyo woyamba wa azungu wa kumpoto kwa Rhone ndipo amasangalala ndi mayiko ambiri.
Kumwera kwa Rhone - Kwakukulu kwambiri komanso kuyang'anira vinyo wambiri wotulukira ku Rhone Valley, kum'mwera kwa Rhôme kumadziwika kuti amakhala wochezeka, nthawi zina amawotcha vinyo wochokera ku mitundu 13 ya mphesa. Syrah salinso mutu waukulu kwambiri, koma amapeza bwino kwambiri ndi zomwe amakonda Grenache ndi Mourvedre mumatchulidwe otchuka a New World of GSM ( G renache, S yrah, M ourvedre). Kukonzekera kwapadera, kowonjezera, ndi mabulosi amdima a Cotes du Rhone AOC kumapereka chithunzithunzi chodziwika bwino kwa maiko a kum'mwera kwa Rhones. Chateauneuf-du-Pape wokongola kwambiri (monga "nyumba ya papa") AOC imalemekezedwa chifukwa cha mpesa wake wa 13 mphesa, zomwe zimakonda kwambiri monga: Grenache, Mourvedre, Syrah, Cinsault, ndi Roussane. Tavel, wojambula kuchokera ku Cinsault ndi Grenache, ndilo gawo lachidziwitso. Vinyo a kum'mwera kwa Rhône amapereka vinyo wolimba kwambiri, omwe amawonetsa chigawo cha Mediterranean chomwe chili ndi mphepo ndi mphepo yamdima.
Chigwa cha Loire - Mphesa, Castles ndi (wina) Mtsinje O!
Ulendo wopita kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa France, mtsinje wautali kwambiri wa dziko, Loire, umapita ku Atlantic pafupi ndi doko la Nantes. Zowonongeka ndi zinyumba zamatsenga, zozizwitsa za mafumu zomwe zinadutsa, Chigwa cha Loire nthawi yomweyo chinali kuthawa kwa mafumu a ku Ulaya. Masiku ano, minda yamphesa yamitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi yodalirika imapereka nsembe zambiri za m'deralo. Kuchokera ku vinyo wonyezimira wouma komanso wouma wochokera ku Chenin Blanc ndi Sauvignon Blanc kuti apange mazenera opangidwa kuchokera ku Cabernet Franc ndi rosés mofanana, kupita ku vinyo wodabwitsa komanso zosangalatsa, vinyo wa Loire Valley ndi abwino kwambiri zoyenera kulengeza.
Chenin Blanc - kawirikawiri vinyo wofiira wonyezimira womwe umakhala wouma kapena wokoma kuti ukhale wokongola, mphesa yamtengo wapatali imathamanga pansi pa mtengo wotchedwa moniker wa Vouvray ndi Savennieres, kachiwiri kuchokera pa maina a malo amtunda. Chenin Blanc amatha kukolola kumapeto kwa nyengo kamodzi kamodzi kamodzi kameneka kavunikira bwino kwambiri popanga gulu la dziko lapansi, vinyo wokoma kwambiri.
Sauvignon Blanc - mwala wouma kwambiri, fupa wouma vinyo woyela wonyezimira ndipo nthawi zambiri amanyamula mafuta onunkhira a udzu watsopano komanso mizere yambiri ya nthaka (dothi losakanikirana ndi dera), Sauvignon Blanc ya Loire Valley imachokera kumtunda Loire. Madera akuluakulu (ndi maina a malo a botolo) kuti awone ngati ali ndi Sancerre ndi Pouilly-Fume. Sancerre ndi malo ozizira a nyengo omwe amalepheretsa mphesa kuti zifike pokwanira kukula kwa phenolic, zomwe zimabweretsa vinyo omwe ali ndi magawo apadera a acidity acid. Ma vinyo oyera omwe amachokera ku Fouilly-Fume angadutsane ndi thupi laling'ono komanso lamanyowa, kuphatikizapo kukhudza asidi ochepa. Zochokera zonse za Loire Sauvignon Blanc zimapanga vinyo omwe amasonyeza zozizwitsa zogwirizana ndi zinthu zonse zomwe nsomba za mbuzi ndi zitsamba zimayambira.
Cabernet Franc - Njira yotchuka kwambiri ya vinyo wofiira wa Loire, Cabernet Franc imatuluka kuchokera ku zigawo za m'chigawo cha Chinon, Saumur-Champigny, ndi Bourgeuil (kachiwiri, zonse zolembera za botolo kwa mphesa zofiira mkati mwa galasi). Malo otentha a Loire amachititsa Cab Franc kumbali yowonjezera pofotokoza mbiri ya thupi ndi kukoma. Zokwanira zogwirizana ndi mbale zakutchire zomwe zimanyamula zitsamba zazikulu, nkhumba ndi nyama zofiira.
Bordeaux, Burgundy, Chigwa cha Rhone komanso malo ozungulira a Loire onse amachititsa kuti malo ake akhale otsimikizika. Kuwonetsa moona mtima vinyo wa ku France mu ulemerero wake wonse ndikutamandidwa mobwerezabwereza ku ulemu woperekedwa ku malo obadwira a vinyo wamakono, kudziwa vinyo wa France ndi kudziwa vinyo wa dziko lapansi, kudzoza kwawo, mbadwa zawo, mphamvu zonse ndi zofooka.