Otsogolera Otsogola ku Zowona za Vinyo wa Bordeaux
Bordeaux, dzina limangotchula zoyembekezera zosiyanasiyana za vinyo. Monga mzinda wachinayi waukulu kwambiri wa ku France, vinyo waukulu kwambiri womwe umayendetsedwa m'dera la AOC ku France, kunyumba kwa oposa 10,000 omwe amapanga vinyo, komanso misiri wa vinyo wofiira pafupifupi 70 miliyoni, Bordeaux ndi Mecca vinyo wofiira amakono. pafupi ndi kutalika, kukayikira komanso kumapeto kwa vinyo, vinyo wofiira wa Bordeaux.
Osati kuti Bordeaux sasangalala ndi zotsatira zogwirizana ndi vinyo woyera kapena vinyo wotsekemera , kuti Bordeaux yakhazikitsidwa pa maziko a vinyo wofiira kwa zaka mazana ambiri, chifukwa chachikulu mwa chikhalidwe ndi chiyanjano chogwirizana ndi a British pa clareted coreted.
Malo otchuka otchedwa winemaking region of maritime climate, okondwerera mapepala a nthaka, miyambo yosiyanasiyana ya mphesa, miyambo yabwino kwambiri komanso machitidwe ovuta kupanga zonse zimasonkhana pamodzi mu dongosolo lopangika kuti apange winemaking wonder lomwe ndi Bordeaux. Dziko lochokera ku "mabanki" - mabanki a kumanzere kapena banki yolondola, mizu yovomerezeka ya mabanja ndi nyumba kwa wopha anthu atsopano, osowa ndi malamulo omwe angathe kulima vinyo omwe sagwera mzere wokhazikika, akupanga vinyo kuti adzalandire tsogolo tebulo ndi vinyo wa tsiku ndi tsiku, tsiku ndi tsiku, ndipo amadziwika mbiri ya vinyo wapamwamba, koma amapereka mazira oposa 80% kudziko lapansi "pa mtengo" wa vinyo pa mtengo wa $ 8-30, Bordeaux ili ndi zosiyana ndi kuposa momwe mungathe kusunga zinthu zambiri za vinyo bwino.
Bordeaux - Nyengo ndi Lay of the Land
Kufupi ndikumadzulo kwakumadzulo kwa France, mtunda wa makilomita ochepa kuchokera ku Atlantic, Bordeaux amapindula kwambiri ndi kayendedwe ka m'nyanja, ndipo nthaŵi zambiri amasangalala ndi akasupe amadzi, nyengo yozizira komanso nyengo yozizira. Gulf Stream imatentha kwambiri m'deralo, komabe nyengo ya chilimwe ikhoza kukhala yovuta komanso yosasinthasintha, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zinthu zokhutiritsa zikhale zodzala zipatso.
Bordeaux: Zowonongeka Zabwino vs Great Vintages
Mkhalidwe wa Bordeaux ndi wovuta kwambiri mu chaka chapamwamba cha nyengo ya mpesa ndi chaka chotsatira. Ndi zitsulo zazikuluzikulu zokhala kumbuyo kwa mphesa zabwino zomwe zimapangidwa ndi cholinga chokhala ndi zaka zowonjezereka komanso zokhala bwino, kusungiramo ndalama zowonongeka kale ndikugulitsa pamtengo wotsika mtengo. Mafuta abwino kwambiri nthawi zonse amakhala ofunda, Bordeaux akhoza kukhala nyengo yozizira ya mphesa zofiira, zomwe zimafuna dzuwa lambiri kuti lifike pokhwima mokwanira, ndi shuga ndi tannin. Mphesa yokhwima imapanga vinyo wambiri. Ndi mavitamini abwino , mavinyo amapezeka bwino, osakhala ovuta komanso ovuta kwambiri. Vinyowa akhoza kukhala okonzeka kumwera pakamasulidwa ndipo amafuna zaka zocheperako kuti zisangalale bwino, ngakhale ngati mukufuna kukhala ndi zaka 3-5 zamasamba nthawi zambiri zimakhala zokwanira. Zowonjezera kuyambira zaka zaposachedwa zomwe zikugwera mu "gulu labwino" zikuphatikizapo 2006, 2007 ndi 2008. Zipinda zabwino zimamangidwa m'chipinda chapansi pa nyumba. Ali ndi kuchulukitsitsa, mphamvu ndi zovuta zonse zomwe zimangokhala zokondweretsa kwambiri ndi msinkhu. Zowonongeka zaposachedwa za Bordeaux zomwe zikugwera mu "gulu lalikulu" zikuphatikizapo 2005, 2009 ndi 2010.
Nkhondo ya Mabanki - Left Bank ya Bordeaux vs. Right Bank
Mitsinje itatu imayesetsa kufotokozera Bordeaux, ndi mtsinje waukulu, Gironde (ndithudi amadziwika ngati dera), ndikugawaniza dera lonselo zigawo ziwiri zikuluzikulu - zomwe zimadziwika padziko lonse monga banki lakumanzere ndi banki yoyenera.
Dziko lalitali ndi lachinyanja kum'mwera kwa Gironde limatchedwa banki lakumanzere ndipo limaphatikizapo madera a Medoc ndi Graves. Malo okongola omwe ali kumbali ya kumpoto kwa Gironde amatengedwa kuti ndi banki yoyenera. Gironde imakhala ndi mabungwe awiri, Garonne ndi Dordogne, ndi Dordogne River yomwe ikugwira ntchito kuti ikule mabanki okwera kumwera chakum'maŵa kumadera olemekezeka kwambiri a Pomerol ndi St. Emilion. Pamene, Garonne akupitiriza ulendo wake kumwera kwa mzinda wokongola wa Bordeaux ndi magawo kudutsa m'dera lozungulira madera akuluakulu a Graves, Pessac-Leognan, ndi Sauternes . Kawirikawiri, miyalayi ikulamulira nthaka ya banki ya kumanzere, yomwe imachititsa kutentha kwa dzuŵa bwino, ikukongoza kuti ikule thermophilic katundu wa Cabernet Sauvignon mphesa zabwino. Nthaka ya mabanki oyenerera a Bordeaux amayenda kumbali ya limestone ndi dothi, kugwira ntchito ngati siponji kuti ikhale madzi, ndikupanga nthaka yabwino kuti imere mbali yowonjezera ya Merlot yakucha.
Ngakhale kuti vinyo wa banki yoyenerera amadalira kwambiri Merlot ndi Cabernet Sauvignon amadzimangiriza kwambiri mabanki a kumanzere, awa si malamulo ovuta komanso ofulumira, ndipo mitundu yonseyi imakhala ndi mwayi wokhala ku banki yina, malinga ndi munda wa mpesa chiwonongeko, chikhalidwe, ndi zachilengedwe. Kukongola kwa vinyo wa Bordeaux kumachokera ku fanizo; Ndizogwirizana kwambiri pakati pa Cabernet Sauvignon ndi Merlot, zomwe zimathandizidwa ndi Cabernet Franc, zomwe zimabweretsa ulemelero ndi ulemelero womwe wafanana ndi vinyo wa Bordeaux kwa zaka mazana ambiri.
Makhalidwe owonjezereka komanso umunthu wa Merlot ndi Cabernet Sauvignon amapereka mwayi wokonzekera ngozi. Pali chitetezo podziwa kuti Merlot adzatha msanga kuposa Cab. Ngati nyengo imachotsa mphesa imodzi, palinso chiyembekezo kwa ena, kusunga mazira onse mudengu limodzi pa nthawi yokolola kumangobweretsa mtendere wa malingaliro komanso kumapatsa mphesa ziwiri zomwe zimagwirizanitsa kuti azipanga vinyo ali bwino bwino palimodzi. Merlot amabweretsa zipatso zambiri za mabulosi ofiira, timky tannins, apamwamba kwambiri a mowa ndi otsika. Ngakhale Cabernet Sauvignon ali wolemetsa pa zipatso zakuda, amasangalala ndi tannins ovuta, kapangidwe ka mowa komanso mowa wambiri kuposa Merlot. Makhalidwe owonjezera ameneŵa amathandiza kuthandizira kuyanjana, kumene mphesa imodzi imakhala ikusowa, imayambitsa ukwati wa vinyo umene umalimbikitsidwa ndi kusungidwa pa mphamvu za mitundu yosiyanasiyana pamene ukugwiritsidwa ntchito pothana ndi zofooka.
Mphesa za Bordeaux
Musati muyembekezere kupeza mphesa pa malemba a Bordeaux vin; mudzapeza mayina obala, midzi yambiri, mayina ndi ma AOC, koma osati mphesa. Chifukwa chiyani? Kumeneko mphesa zimakula - dera, dera, mudzi, chateau yomwe ili yofunika kwambiri ku Bordelais, osati mitundu ya mphesa. Izi zikhoza kukhala zovuta kuyenda ma wine Bordeaux kwa ogulitsa New World, omwe amakonda kukhala a mphesa zambiri, obadwa ndi oleredwa pamatchulidwe a "Merlot" kapena "Cabernet Sauvignon." Kumbukirani dzina la masewerawa ndi BLEND ku Bordeaux , ndi kugwirizana kwa nyengo, dothi, malo ozungulira komanso oyang'anira mphesa omwe amapanga vinyo kuchokera ku Bordeaux, osati malo okha, nyenyezi zonse.
Mphesa Zamphesa Zofiira za Bordeaux
Ma vinyo ofiira a Bordeaux ndi amzembe ambiri a m'deralo, akukhala nthano ndikusiya cholowa kwa onse omwe alibe. Kukonzekera kukongola kofanana ndi mwanawankhosa, ng'ombe, bakha, nyama zakutchire komanso tchizi, malo a Bordeaux m'magulu onse, khalani ndi chakudya. Merlot ndi mphesa yoyamba yofiira ku Bordeaux yolemera mu 60% ya mipesa yomwe idabzalidwa, kenako Cabernet Sauvignon pa 26 % ndi Cab Franc pa 12%. Malbec ndi Petit Verdot nazonso zimakula ku Bordeaux, koma zimakula pang'onopang'ono ndipo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri "zokometsera" zofiira zofiira kusiyana ndi kumangiriza.
Merlot - Mphesa yaikulu ya vinyo wofiira wa Bordeaux ndi Merlot. Merlot wakula kwambiri pa banki yoyenera ndi miyala yamchere ndi dongo kukhala magulu ambiri a nthaka. Mphesa yoyamba yakucha imabweretsa zambiri pa tebulo losakaniza. Zipatso zofiira zonunkhira pamphuno pamodzi ndi zigawo zina za zipatso za pulasitiki, chitumbuwa ndi chokoleti ndi zofiira, tannins zopangidwa ndi silika zimabweretsa mzere wozungulira ku vinyo wodalirika wochokera ku banki ya Bordeaux. Mzinda wotchuka wa St. Emilion ndi kachigawo kakang'ono ka Pomerol ndi madera otchuka kwambiri a Merlot-a ku Bordeaux; pamene, Fronsac akupitirizabe kukhala imodzi mwa zinthu zotsika mtengo, kupereka khalidwe lapamwamba, vinyo wamtengo wapatali wamabanki.
Cabernet Sauvignon - 26% ya Bordeaux ya vinyo wofiira mphesa ndi Cabernet Sauvignon. Kabuku imayang'ana kubanki lakumanzere ndipo ndi mphesa yam'mbuyo yakucha, ndi ma tanins amphamvu omwe amathandiza kupanga, kuya, ndi kutha msinkhu. Vinyo kumbali yakumanzere amamangidwa ndi Cabernet Sauvignon ndipo amamangidwa ndi Merlot ndi Cab Franc (ndipo mwina Petit Verdot). Mabanki awa akutsalira amakonda kusangalala ndi mtundu wozama, mphamvu yodabwitsa, thupi lathunthu, zomangamanga zambiri ndi kupirira kukongola pamodzi ndi zigawo zowonjezera zipatso. Mayina odziwika a ena a Bordeaux abwino kwambiri a Cab-based blends amachokera m'midzi ya St. Estephe, Pauillac, St. Julien ndi Margaux. Kwa ma vinyo angapo osungirako mabanki amayang'ana malemba ndi midzi ya Listra, Moulis, ndi Haut-Medoc.
Cabernet Franc - Ikukula bwino pa banki yoyenera, koma imapezekanso ku bwalo lakumanzere. Mpesa uwu wakhala ukuthandiza kwambiri Merlot wa Bordeaux ndi Cabernet Sauvignon. Cab Franc imapereka zonunkhira zonunkhira ndi mawu a peppery ndi mawonekedwe a violet, pamodzi ndi kukongola kwamtundu ndi tanins zabwino ku vinyo wofiira wa m'deralo.
Malbec ndi Petit Verdot - Mu Bordeaux mphesa izi zimakula pang'onopang'ono kwambiri, zomwe zimapanga pafupifupi 2% mwa anthu a mphesa. Komabe, Malbec ndi Petit Verdot onse angagwiritsidwe ntchito ku Bordeaux, pamodzi ndi Malbec kumathandiza kuchepetsa thupi ndi Petit Verdot kumabweretsa mphamvu ndi zomangamanga.
White Wine mphesa za Bordeaux
Mbali yoyera ya vinyo imapanga pafupifupi 11 peresenti ya msika wa vinyo wa Bordeaux. Sauvignon Blanc, Semillon, Muscadelle wamaluwa ndi Ugni Blanc ndi mitundu yokhayo ya mphesa yomwe imaloledwa kutenga nawo vinyo woyera AOC wotchulidwa ku Bordeaux. Kwa vinyo wouma, wouma wonyezimira wokhala ndi acidity komanso wokonda chakudya, fufuzani malemba omwe amasewera m'chigawo cha Entre-Deux-Mers. Ngati thupi lambiri, malingaliro ambirimbiri ndi zovuta kumvetsa bwino zomwe mumazikonda ma vinyo woyera, ndiye kuti malemba omwe ali ndi chigawo cha Pessac-Leognan kapena Graves.
Sauvignon Blanc - Vinyo woyera wamphesa, Sauvignon Blanc, amasangalala kwambiri ndi Bordeaux. Zikhoza kukhala vinyo wonyezimira wouma wonyezimira m'madera ngati Pessac-Leognan omwe amakhala pamodzi ndi oyster, shellfish, ndi nsomba za m'deralo kapena zingakhale bwino pamodzi ndi Semillon kuti apange vinyo wotsekemera wa Sauternes kapena Barsac, omwe amagwirizana kwambiri ndi Foie gras komanso Roquefort tchizi. Sauvignon Blanc siwongopangidwa kuti ukhale wobadwira wokha, koma amasangalala ndi unyamata wake adzawonetsa zitsamba zatsopano kapena "grassy" aromatics ndi acidity yowala ndi zipatso zabwino.
Semillon - Mpesa wa Semillon ndiwo ndiwo mphesa zoyera kwambiri ku Bordeaux. Zitha kuwonetsedwa zokha kapena zofanana ndi Sauvignon Blanc . Mphesa imeneyi imabweretsa mavitamini, maonekedwe, mphamvu, ndi thupi kuti zithe kusakanikirana ndipo zimakhala mphesa zoyambirira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga Sauternes zokoma za Bordeaux , chifukwa chapamwamba zowoneka kuti ndizovunda, kapena Botrytis Cinerea . Mosiyana ndi Sauvignon Blanc, Semillon akhoza msinkhu wabwino kuti apereke mphesa yabwino ndipo ndi vinyo wolemera, wouma woyera m'madera a Graves ndi Pessac-Leognan.
Kugula Bordeaux
Kugula vinyo kuchokera ku Bordeaux kungakhale chochititsa mantha kwa atsopano. Poyambira, malemba a vinyo a ku France, ambiri, amachotsa mphesa ndikuyang'ana pa geography. Malemba amatsindika za vinyo, dera lomwe mphesa zakula, ndondomeko ya AOC, ndi malo - mofanana ndi vinyo Watsopano Wadziko lonse, kupatula kuti ambiri sadziwa bwino madera a Bordeaux. Kodi mudziwu ukugona kumbali yakumzere kapena kubanki yoyenera ndipo n'chifukwa chiyani zili zofunika? Ambiri angakhale ogula a Bordeaux osadziwa bwino ndi madera 10,000 a Bordeaux ndipo sakudziwa kuti chigawo cha AOC Chigawochi ndi chigawochi.
Pofuna kugula vinyo kuchokera ku Bordeaux, kumbukirani kuti banki yoyenera imayendetsedwa, makamaka, ndi Merlot ndi mabanki a kumanzere amadziwika ndi Cabernet Sauvignon. Kuphunzira midzi yambiri ya Bordeaux kumbali zonse za mtsinjewu kumaphatikizapo sitepe yotsatira yozindikiritsa malemba, kaya mukugula vinyo pa intaneti kapena pa sitolo ya vinyo. Kumbukirani; Mitengo ya mpesa imakhala yovuta kwambiri kugula mphesa za Bordeaux, fufuzani maulendo angapo omaliza a Bordeaux kuti muwone komwe akukwera pa "zabwino" ndi "zazikulu" zamtengo wapatali, zotsekemera zabwino ndizochepetseka kusiyana ndi zowoneka bwino. N'zosadabwitsa kuti dzina lalikulu la chateaus lidzalamulira mitengo yapamwamba kwambiri pa vinyo wawo, koma mukhoza kupeza zofiira zofiira pazinthu zodabwitsa zochokera ku chateaus zosavuta kwambiri za Bordeaux. Phunzirani zambiri za malangizo apamwamba ogulira vinyo ku Bordeaux pano.
Ngakhale vinyo wabwino kwambiri ochokera ku Bordeaux, omwe adzipanga ndi kusunga mbiri yapamwamba m'derali ndi okwera mtengo, nthawi zambiri amapeza ndalama zokwana $ 1000 + botolo la First Growths, samaimira vinyo wochuluka kuchokera ku Bordeaux. Ndipotu ma vinyo ambiri a Bordeaux ndi okwera mtengo, vinyo wokondweretsa chakudya. Kukonda kapena kudana, kumwa kapena ayi, Bordeaux wakhala akulamulira dziko lonse la vinyo kwa zaka zoposa mazana atatu ndipo zikuwoneka ngati zikupitirizabe kuchita mwambo, kukopa anthu ogula ndi kukonzekera tsogolo la mipesa kwa zaka zikubwerazi.