Pamene malamulo a vinyo a Bordeaux angawoneke ngati tsamba loopsya la zoletsedwa zowonjezereka ndi zochitika zowonjezereka, wina sayenera kukhala katswiri wodziwa ntchito ya AOC kuti adziwe ndi kusangalala ndi vinyo wokondwerera maderawo. Ngakhale kuti mumadziwa zambiri za momwe vinyo amapezeredwa, mungakhale ndi mwayi wopezera vinyo umene umagwirizana ndi momwe mumakonda komanso maonekedwe anu a palati, komanso momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito ndalama.
Malamulo a Vinyo a Bordeaux
Kawirikawiri, vinyo wa m'deralo wa Bordeaux amachititsa kuti mitundu ya mphesa ikhale yochuluka bwanji ndipo ndi yotani (palibe ulimi wothirira, mipesa yonse ya AOC yowuma) komanso kuti ndi vinyo wotani (14% ndi max). Ngati wina sakufuna kusewera ndi malamulo omwe amamwa vinyo, sangathe kusangalala ndi zofunikira zonse zomwe zimaphatikizapo malemba a AOC ndipo ziyenera kukhala zosavuta pa "vinyo wa tebulo."
Mwachitsanzo, Chardonnay , podziwika, wamkulu komanso wolemekezeka ku Burgundy saloledwa m'madera a AOC a Bordeaux. Ngati wina ali ndi chilakolako chapadera cha mphesa ya Chardonnay ndipo akufuna kuyesera ku Bordeaux, mwa njira zonse. Komabe, ziyenera kulandira mayina a "vinyo wa tebulo", mosasamala za khalidwe, kugwirizana, kapena zizindikiro zina. Ngati kuli chitonthozo chilichonse, France imalimbikitsa malamulo a AOC pa mbatata, batala, ndi tchizi, choncho si vinyo wokha umene umayenera kuvutika chifukwa chotsatira zovuta.
Maphunziro a Vinyo a Bordeaux: mphesa ndi malo
Vinyo a Bordeaux sanalembedwe ndi kugulitsidwa ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana koma ndi malo otentha. Ku Bordelais kudziwa kumene mphesa zinalikukula ndizofunika kwambiri kuposa kudziwa mphesa zomwe zinakula. Mlanduwu, mawu akuti "mabanki a kumanzere" ndi "banki yolondola" amagwiritsidwa ntchito mobwerezabwereza kutanthauza mbali ina ya mtsinjewu, Gironde, ndi madera ake a Garonne ndi Dordogne, mphesazo zikukula.
Ndi Merlot pokhala mphesa yofiira kwambiri ku Bordeaux, kenako Cabernet Sauvignon ndi kuwonongeka ndi Cabernet Franc, midzi yolima mphesa yomwe ili ku banki yoyenera yakhala ikupanga vinyo wolamulidwa ndi Merlot. Ma vinyo abwino a banki amasangalala kwambiri kuchokera ku Cab Franc, ndi Cabernet Sauvignon ena omwe amapitanso patsogolo. Nkhani ku bwalo lakumanzere imakhala ndi nyimbo zosiyana. The Bordeaux vin sourced kuchokera kumanzere kwa banki amakonda nyenyezi Cabernet Sauvignon mu kuyamba pomwe ndi Merlot ndi Cab Franc kutsiriza chingwe chachiwiri.
Ngakhale zikanakhala zabwino komanso zosavuta kukweza banki yoyenera monga "Merlot" komanso kubanki yotsala ngati "Cab," Bordeaux nthawi zonse zimakhala zosakaniza komanso zokoma pa mabanki onsewa. Poonjezera kuopseza, mipesa ya Bordeaux imayang'aniridwa ndi machitidwe ovuta. Poyambirira kukonzekera ku Bordeaux yabwino kwa 1855 Kuwonetserako kwapadziko lonse ku Paris, Napoleon III inapempha oyendetsa makasitomala kuti azitenga vinyo wapamwamba wa Medoc kuti awonekere mwachilungamo. Vinyo awa anali osiyana ndi ma mtengo ndi mtengo wochokera ku chateaus 61 (60 kuchokera ku Medoc, ndi Chateau Haut-Brion kuchokera ku Graves) ndipo lero mndandanda ulipobe, koma palimodzi ndi machitidwe ena amitundu yosiyanasiyana.
Kuyendetsa Njira ya Mafuta a Bordeaux
Vinyo wokongola wa Bordeaux anali ndi mizu yambiri ndi Chikhalidwe cha 1855 ndipo wapita patsogolo kuti azisangalala ndi zochitika zamakono zomwe zakhala zikukonzedwa ndi nthawi ndi malo omwe akhala akuyesa nthawi. Mtengo wa Bordeaux wamangidwa pa mayina otchuka a Margaux, Latour, Lafite-Rothschild, Haut-Brion, ndi Mouton-Rothschild, ma vinyo okwera kwambiri, omwe amawatcha kuti First Growths akhalabe ndi dola, mbiri yotsatirayi kwa zaka zambiri. Komabe, First Growths izi zimangowimira kachigawo kakang'ono ka vinyo omwe amapangidwa ndi ku Bordeaux. Ngakhale kuti First Growths adagulitsa mu $ 1000 + m'mabotolo onse, zopereka za vinyo za Bordeaux zimagulitsidwa kwambiri, mu $ 10 mpaka 30, ndi zosakwera mtengo zomwe zilipo padziko lonse lapansi.
Vinyo otsika mtengo kwambiri ochokera ku Bordeaux nthawi zambiri amatchedwa "petit chateau."
Chiwerengero cha 1855
Chigawochi chikuwonekera pa chateaus 61 pamwamba pa Medoc (kumanzere kwa mabanki) dera la Bordeaux ndipo amatchedwanso Grand Cru Classé. Chiwerengero cha 1855 chimayamba ndi First Growths, yotchedwa "Premier Cru," ndipo imayimira crème de la crème mu French wofiira vinyo. Ma chatea asanu omwe amapanga Premier Cru, amalemekezedwanso ngati opanga malo abwino kwambiri ochokera ku Bordeaux, omwe amaikidwa mu 1855 ku Paris Universal Exhibition. Pali Zisanu Zoyamba Kukula ndipo zikuphatikizapo malo a Chateau Margaux, Chateau Latour, Chateau Lafite-Rothschild, Chateau Haut-Brion komanso Chateau Mouton-Rothschild posachedwapa (1973).
Chiwerengero cha Medoc cha 1855 chinaphatikizapo zigawo zapamwamba zisanu za First Growths (Premier Cru), madera okwana 14 otsatirawa monga Second Growths (Deuxiemes Crus), otsatiridwa ndi Matchulidwe Otatu (Troisiemes Crus) okhala ndi ma chateaus 14 omwe akulemera, Kukula kwachinayi (Quatriemes Crus) kumakhala ma chateaus 10 ndipo potsiriza Fifth Growths (Cinquemes Crus) ali ndi malo 18 omwe akudulidwa. Ma AOC a Pauillac, Margaux, Pessac-Leognan, St. Julien, St. Estephe ndi Haut-Medoc onse amaimiridwa ndi miyala yotchedwa Grand Cru Classé chateaus.
Kulemba kwa Manda
Ndondomeko ya vinyoyi inayambika mu 1953, yomwe inakonzedwanso mu 1959, komanso mipangidwe 16 ya ma chateaus omwe amavomerezedwa ndi vinyo woyera.
Kuyeza kwa Saint-Emilion
Kuyeza kwa Saint-Emilion kumaphatikizapo zigawo ziwiri za AOC, imodzi ya Saint-Emilion ndi ina ya Saint-Emilion Grand Cru (yomwe yagawanika ku Grand Cru Classe ndi Premier Grand Classé). Zigawo izi zinayambira mu 1950 ndipo ma chateaus akuwerengedwa zaka khumi ndi ziwiri.
Chiwerengero cha Cru Bourgeois
Ngakhale kuti mabungwe a ma Edine Bordeaux angakhale ovuta poyang'ana, amayamba kuoneka ngati osiyana ndi chiwerengero cha Cru Bourgeois, chigawo chimodzi.
Mndandanda uwu umatenga ma reds ambiri a Left Bank omwe sanawapange mu 1855 Kulemba kwa Grand Cru Classés, kuwonetsa malo omwe ali ndi mbiri yabwino ya kupanga.
Mayina apadera a Bordeaux
Awa ndi mabungwe opanda malire a Bordeaux kuchokera ku maina enaake. Pazolembazo, mudzawona mayina a mainawa asankhidwa kukhala "Medoc," "Cotes de Blaye" kapena "Fronsac." Vinyo awa ndi otetezeka kwambiri a Bordeaux olimbitsa thupi.
Vinyo Wolembedwa ngati "Bordeaux" ndi "Bordeaux Superior"
Bordeaux ndi Bordeaux Superior ndi vinyo wambiri wa Bordeaux ndipo amapanga pafupifupi 50% ya vinyo kuchokera ku dera. Mavinyo amenewa akhoza kupanga mphesa kuchokera kudera lonselo ndipo kawirikawiri amagulitsa mtengo wa vinyo, ndi Bordeaux Superior mtengo pamapeto apamwamba chifukwa cha mphesa zosungidwa kuchokera ku ukalamba, mipesa yokhwima. Cholembacho chidzawerengedwa, "Kuitanidwa kwa Bordeaux Kugonjetsa." Chitsanzo chodziwika kwambiri ndi Mouton Cadet, Bordeaux yomwe imakhala yovuta kwambiri kumagulitsa pafupifupi $ 8 botolo.
Chigawo cha Pomerol
Monga mpweya watsopano, chigawo cha Bordeaux cha Pomerol chapewa njira yovuta yogawa. Ma label a vinyo amangosonyeza "Appellation Pomerol Controlée." Merlot amatumikira monga dera la mphesa lopambana, kupanga vinyo ndi tanins tcheru, zipatso zamtsogolo zamtsogolo ndikukonzekera kusangalala kuposa kale ndi azimayi awo a Cab. Pomerol ndi dera laling'ono laling'ono la Bordeaux lomwe likukula m'dera, ndipo limapanga mabotolo oposa 5 miliyoni. Pomerol wotchuka kwambiri ndi Chateau Petrus, wopanga chikondwerero chimodzi mwa vinyo wofiira kwambiri wa Bordeaux.
Mfundo Yofunika Kwambiri pa Mavinyo a Bordeaux
Pamene kuyendetsa kayendedwe ka vinyo wa Bordeaux sikutaya mtima, kupeza kumvetsetsa kwakukulu kwa momwe Bordelais amasefulira kupyolera mwa vinyo payekha, kungathandize kupanga malingaliro ndi kugula zinthu zomwe akuyembekeza. Kumbukirani kuti Kukula Kwekuku kumaimira pafupifupi 3 peresenti ya msika wa vinyo wa Bordeaux, womwe umakhudza chithunzi cha Bordeaux m'njira zazikulu, koma osati kwenikweni kuwonetsera zakudya zokoma, matebulo omwe amawoneka ngati Bordeaux vinyo omwe Bordeliis amadya tsiku ndi tsiku. Zigawo za vinyo ndi chigawo china chabe, si ntchito yofunikira kuti mudziwe komanso kusangalala ndi Bordeaux vinyo .