Vinyo Wochokera ku Burgundy ku France

Vinyo wa Burgundy amamangidwira pa mphesa ziwiri, Chardonnay ndi Pinot Noir, malo omwe ali ndi minda yamphesa omwe amachititsa mbali yofunika kwambiri pa khalidwe la vinyo. Malo oledzera kwambiri a vinyo a Burgundy ("Burgundne" mu French ndi pa botolo la zilembo, wotchedwa " Bor-gun-yuh ") walandira oenophiles kwa zaka zambiri. Mzinda wa Burgundy uli pafupi ndi mtsinje wa Saone womwe uli kum'mwera kwa dziko la France, umayenda mtunda wa makilomita pafupifupi 100 kuchokera pamwamba (pafupi ndi mzinda wa Dijon) mpaka pansi (kumpoto kwa Lyon), womwe umabala mabotolo pafupifupi 193 miliyoni pachaka kuchokera pa maekala 68,000 pansi pake. mpesa mu dothi lotchuka la chalky, mineral-loaded.

Ngakhale kuti nthawi zambiri nyengo imakhala yosadziŵika bwino, zing'onozing'ono zowonjezera mawerengedwe ndi zochepa zochepa padziko lonse, Burgundy amavomereza zotsatila zotsatila.

Burgundy ndizozungulira malo. Monga malo ambiri a vinyo a ku France , dzina la malowa limatenga dzina loyambirira kuposa mayina a mphesa. Maina a mayina, ma communes ndi madera (malo a vinyo) amayang'anira mabungwe a vinyo a Burgundne , osawerengera pang'ono za mphesa zofunikira zomwe zili mkati mwake. Pamene wolemba, wogulitsa malonda, ndi maina a malo omwe ali pamabuku a botolo angasokoneze anthu omwe salankhula Chifalansa, kumbukirani kuti Burgundy imamangidwa pa mphesa ziwiri: Chardonnay ndi Pinot Noir .

Vinyo wa Burgundy Ndi Nambala:

Vinyo wa Burgundy amapanga vinyo watsopano wa 61%, 30% wofiira, ndi 8% Cremant de Bourgogne (vinyo wokoma kwambiri opangidwa mofanana ndi Champagne ). Lamulo la AOC lachi French limalamula kuti Bourgogy yoyera (aka "Bourgogne Blanc") iyenera kupangidwa kuchokera ku mphesa ya Chardonnay komanso mofananamo Burgundy yonse yofiira (aka "Bourgogne Rouge") imapangidwa kuchokera ku mphesa ya Pinot Noir.

Mitengo ya mphesa yaying'ono imaphatikizapo zonunkhira ku nyanja ya Chardonnay (kutchula 46 peresenti ya mipesa ya Burgundy) ndi Pinot Noir (akugwedeza 36% ya minda ya mpesa). Mazabibu oterewa ndi Aligote (mphesa yoyamba ya vinyo woyera ku Burgundy 6 peresenti), Gamay (mphesa yakuda 11% ya mipesa ya dera) ndi Sauvignon, Pinot Blanc ndi Pinot Beurot ndalama zosachepera 1%.

Zigawo za Wine Burgundy:

Ngakhale kuti Burgundy ikhoza kukhala yaying'ono kwambiri, makamaka poyerekeza ndi wokondedwa wake wokondwerera, Bordeaux, chikoka cha dera, zotsatira zake, komanso kufunika kwa malo a vinyo padziko lonse lapansi ndizofunikira. Burgundy ikhoza kuphikidwa m'madera asanu kapena akuluakulu okhudzidwa akudziwika: Chablis, Côte Chalonnaise, Mâconnais, Côte de Nuits ndi Côte de Beaune. Madera awiri otsirizawa, Côte de Nuits ndi Côte de Beaune, onse akutchedwa Côte d'Or wotchuka, kutanthauza kuti "malo otsetsereka a golide" a madera omwe akugwa, ndipo akuimira dera lotchuka kwambiri la vinyo ku Burgundy. Vinyo a Burgundy amakhala ndi mbiri yodabwitsa potipatsa mawu ofunika ku terroir yapadera. Zokongola, zowonongeka, zovuta, zowonongeka padziko lapansi, komanso zodzaza ndi vinyo wambiri, vinyo wa Burgundy nthawi zonse amakhala ndi fano labwino komanso lolemekezeka lachikale cha Chardonnay ndi Pinot Noir padziko lonse lapansi.

Chablis : Wotchuka kwambiri chifukwa cha zamoyo zokondweretsa, zowonjezera mchere, zotchedwa Chardonnay, kudera la kumpoto kwa Chablis ndi Burgundy, ndizo vinyo woyera wa vinyo woyera, ndikulima mitengo ya Chardonnay pamtunda wolemera kwambiri wa miyala. Vinyo omwewo amatchulidwa kuti "Chablis" kuzungulira dziko lapansi kapena kwanuko monga "Beaunois" mawu a Burgundian a Chardonnay.

Mtsinje wa Grand Cru wa Chablis umasonkhana m'mphepete mwa mtsinje wa Serein mtsinje womwe uli ndi dzuŵa, pamene Premier Cru mipesa imasonkhana m'mphepete mwa malo otsetsereka kumwera ndipo imachokera ku dothi loyera lopangidwa ndi mchere wa Kimmeridgian. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti gulu la vinyo wa Chablis likuwonetsa onse a Burgundy okhudzana ndi dzina la Grand Cru, Premier Cru, ndi Village (Chablis) ndi Petit Chablis adawonjezeranso kuti ali ndi vinyo wamtengo wapatali, wolowera.

Côte Chalonnaise : Amadziwika kuti Pinot Noir, olimba, koma oyera kwambiri a Burgundy komanso vinyo wokongola kwambiri, Cremant de Bourgogne, Côte Chalonnaise akukwera pakati pa Burgundy pamtsinje wa Saone. Fufuzani mayina a mumzinda wa Mercurey ndi Givry pa malemba ndi olemba monga Domaine Jabot, Louis Latour, ndi Faively.

Mâconnais : Wodziwika kuti wapereka gawo labwino kwambiri la Chardonnay, Mâconnais ali kumbali yakumwera ya Burgundy. Pouilly-Fuissé ndi dzina lodziwika bwino kwambiri ku Mâconnais, kupereka vinyo woyera ndi apulo ambiri ndi pichesi, zolemba zina zam'madzi komanso zolemba za citrus pamodzi ndi maonekedwe atsopano, amchere.

Côte de Nuits : Mzinda wa Nuits-Saint-Georges, womwe uli kum'mwera kwa Dijon ndipo umatchulidwira ku tauni ya Nuits-Saint-Georges, umapanga mbiri ya dziko, Pinot Noir yodziwika bwino ndi minda yoposa 20 ya Cru Cru. Dzina lalikulu la minda ya mpesa ya Romanée-Conti, Chambertin, ndi Musigny, kuti awonetsere ochepa chabe, onse amapezeka ku Côte de Nuits. Pamwamba pa mzere wa Burgundian Pinot Noir amapezeka pano, ndi vinyo woyenera kukalamba kwa zaka makumi ambiri ndi mitengo yokwera ma tepi anayi ndi asanu a crème de la crème.

Côte de Beaune : Kum'mwera kwa Côte de Nuits ndipo amapanga theka la Côte d'Or, Côte de Beaune amasangalala pakati pa 70/30 ndi azungu. Komabe, kawirikawiri ndi vinyo woyera (kachiwiri kuchokera ku mphesa ya Chardonnay) yomwe imapanga chizindikiro chawo ndi matupi olemera obirira, ndi zitsamba zam'madzi zomwe zimakulungidwa ndi peyala wokoma ndi apulo. Vinyo ochokera ku Côte de Beaune amapereka khalidwe labwino popanda kusokoneza bajeti. Yang'anirani vinyo kuchokera ku Chassagne-Montrachet, Meursault, Pommard, Volnay, ndi Puligny-Montrachet (mayina onse a mudzi).

Zolemba za Wine Burgundy:

Pankhani ya kugulira pakati pa mapiri a vinyo wa ku Burgundian, mapulogalamu ovuta a derawo ayamba kugwira ntchito yofunikira. Mwachidziwikire pali zigawo zinayi zapamwamba zapamwamba zochokera pa zizindikiro zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa vinyo wonse wa AOC Burgundy: Maitanidwe a Kumidzi, Maina a Kumudzi, Maina Oyambirira a Cru ndi Maina a Grand Cru.

Malo, malo, malo - amachitira mbali yofunikira pozindikira kumene vinyo wa Burgundy akugwera pa chiwerengero. Mawu oti "Chikhalidwe" (amatchedwa "Clee-ma") ndi mawu a Burgundian omwe amanena kuti gawo lalikulu lomwe geography likuchita ku Burgundy ndi vinyo.

Malo otentha ndi malo omwe ali ndi nthaka, malo otsetsereka, ndi zochepa za nyengo. Chilengedwe chingakhale munda wonse wamphesa kapena gawo limodzi.

Mipamwamba yamtengo wapatali, minda yamphesa kapena Mlengalenga pamwamba pa malo a Grand Cru ndi Premier Cru. Mavinyo a m'mudzi amachititsa mayina a mudziwo (Beaune, Chablis, Corton, Gevrey-Chambertin) kuti minda yamphesa ikuzungulira. Zabwino tsiku lirilonse, vinyo wamakono omwe ali ndi maina a "Bourgogne" a m'derali akhoza kuchotsedwa m'minda yamphesa kulikonse kudera lonse la Burgundy. Kunena mwachidule, bwino munda wamphesa, vinyo wabwino komanso apamwamba udindo wapamwamba (ndi mtengo).

Zigawo za m'deralo - Monga zikuwonekera, malo amtundu wa vinyo amapanga maziko a piramidi ya Burgundy, yomwe ikuimira pafupifupi 50% ya vinyo wambiri. Tiyenera kuzindikira kuti kwinakwake pakati pa mavinyo ndi madera a m'midzi, pali mtundu wina wa "catch-all" womwe umatchulidwa kwambiri kuposa dera la Burgundy, koma si onse omwe amapezeka mumudzi umodzi. Chofunika kwambiri, pamene zigawo zingapo zazikulu za m'deralo zimagwirizanitsidwa pamodzi chifukwa cha khalidwe lomwelo lomwe angatchulidwe. Côte de Beaune-Villages ndi chitsanzo chimodzi chosonyeza kuti vinyo wapangidwa kuchokera ku mphesa zomwe zimachokera ku umodzi kapena midzi ya Côte de Beaune.

Maina a Kumudzi - Poyerekeza ndi pafupi 38 peresenti ya vinyo wa Burgundy, vinyo amanyamula maina enieni a tawuni kapena tawuni pamakalata (monga Pommard, Meursault, Mercury, Pouilly-Fuisse), kusonyeza kuti mphesa zimakula mumudzi wamphesa malo komanso osadulidwa ku Burgundy yonse. Pommard ndi dzina la m'mudzi kuti muwone pa botolo la botolo, ndikuwuza kuti mphesa zonse zinasungidwa mumudzi wa Pommard m'chigawo cha Burgundian cha Côte de Beaune.

Premier Cru - Kukwera makwerero apamwamba ku vinyo wabwino wa Burgundy ndi 10 peresenti ya zopangidwa ndi dzina la a Prime Cru. Kutanthauza "Kukula koyamba," Premier Cru imatanthawuza vinyo amene adakula mwakuya, AOC akufotokozedwa bwino ndi minda yamphesa kuti aone malo otchedwa "Climat" ku Burgundy). Malemba nthawi zambiri amatenga shorthand akunena "1st Cru" chidule cha Premier Cru. Vinyo awa ali angwiro pamene ili nthawi ya splurge, iwo amayambira mu $ 60 pamapeto otsika ndipo amagwira bwino mu $ 100 + mtengo mtengo msanga.

Grand Cru - Pogwiritsa ntchito 1% ya Burgundy yabwino kwambiri yophika vinyo, ndi mipando yoposa 30 ya minda ya mpesa yomwe inayambira Grand Cru ku Côte d'Or, Grand Cru vin amalamulira mayiko onse. Grand Cru wotchuka ku Burgundy mosakayikira Domaine de la Romanée-Conti yomwe ikhoza kufunsa $ 5,000- $ 12,000 pa botolo pa malo osungirako malonda.

Mbiri ya Wine ya Burgundy:

Ndi umboni wa mipesa yomwe anabzala Aselote isanafike 200 BC ndi asirikali achiroma akukula mphesa zakale zoyambirira zapitazo, Burgundy anazindikiridwa mofulumira ngati nyumba yoyamba yamtengo wapatali chifukwa cholima mphesa. Komabe, mofanana ndi madera ambiri a vinyo a ku Ulaya, iwo anali ambuye a Medieval omwe amayenera kulandira ngongole yapadera chifukwa cholima minda ya mpesa ya m'deralo kudutsa zaka za m'ma Middle Ages. Poyang'ana mphesa ndi malo a malo, komanso kugonjetsa kwambiri Bourgundy, pamodzi ndi akuluakulu a madera ozungulira, amithenga a Benedictine ndi a Cistercian adatanthauzira ndi kutanthauzira malo okongola omwe ali ndi minda ya mpesa ya derali. Minda yamphesa yotchukayi inakonzedwa kuti ikhale yina ya chuma chamtengo wapatali kwambiri padziko lapansi. Ngakhale kudalira miyambo ndi miyambo ya viticultural, mayiko a Benedictine ndi a Cistercian anayesetsa kugwira ntchito yaikulu ya vinyo wamakono a Burgundy.

Sipanakhale Mpumuko wa Chifaransa umene mwiniwake wa Burgundy wa minda ya mpesa anasamutsidwa kuchoka ku tchalitchi ndi akuluakulu apamwamba kwa anthu omwe ali m'magawo ena. Minda ya mpesa idawonjezereka pamene Napolean anadula ndi kudula minda ya mpesa poyesa kuti dziko lonse lobadwa liyenera kugawa mofanana pakati pa oloŵa nyumba. Mpaka lero sizodabwitsa kuti tipeze munda wamphesa wokwana maekala 120 omwe ali ndi olimba 80, okhala ndi mizere ingapo ya mipesa yomwe ili pansi pa mwiniwake. Mapulogalamuwa adagwira ntchito yokhala ogwirizana (nyumba imodzi yomwe imagula vinyo amderalo nthawi zambiri ndi mbiya kuti iyanjana ndi vinyo kuchokera ku dera lomwelo kapena kutchulidwa).

Kugula Vinyo wa Burgundy

Kumbukirani kuti simudzapeza "Chardonnay" pamatchulidwe a botolo la vinyo wa Burgundy, kotero mukuyang'ana madera omwe amadziwika ndi Chardonnay, midzi, kapena malo (aka "domains") m'mabotolo. Chablis, Pouilly-Fuisse, Montrachet, Macon-Villages, ndi Meursault ndizitenga za vinyo woyera zomwe zimapezeka ku Burgundy. Mofananamo, mayeso a maina a Aloxe-Corton, Nuits-Saint-Georges, Pommard, Vougeot, Mercury, Vosne-Romanee, ali ndi botolo ndikupatseni njira yabwino kwa Pinot Noir. Mavinyo a m'deralo pamodzi ndi "Bourgogne" yowonjezera yonse yomwe imatchulidwa pamalopo idzakhala yophweka pa thumba, ndizo ma vinyo ammudzi omwe amayamba kuwonjezera khalidwe ndi khalidwe la ndalama pang'ono chabe. Mtsinje wa Premier Cru ndi wa Cru Cru kuchokera kumalo ena omwe ali ndi minda yamphesa yomwe imadziwika kuti ndi yabwino kwambiri.

Best Value Burgundy Othandiza Kuyesa: Bouchard Aine & Fils, Domaine Christian Moreau Pere & Fils, Domaine Faiveley, JJ Vincent, Joseph Drouhin, Louis Jadot, Louis Latour, Olivier Leflaive