Mawu akuti "gluten" amavomerezedwa masiku ano mofanana kwambiri ndi mawu oti "communist" adabweranso zaka za m'ma 1950 - kokha m'malo mwa Nkhanza Yofiira, lero ndizofanana ndi Mtsinje wa Mkate.
Kunena zoona, pafupifupi anthu mmodzi mwa anthu 100 aliwonse (1 pa 100 alionse) amadwala matenda osokoneza bongo omwe amatchedwa matenda a celiac, omwe amachititsa kuti matumbo awonongeke m'mimba. Izi zimathandizanso kuti thupi likhale ndi zakudya zokwanira, zomwe zimayambitsa kusowa kwa zakudya m'thupi.
Ndi vuto lalikulu, ndipo odwala omwe ali ndi vutoli amafunika kusamala kuti asamakhale ndi gluten.
Koma kodi gluten ndi chiyani kwenikweni, ndipo zimakhala bwanji muzochita zamatsenga?
Kodi Gluten N'chiyani?
Gluten ndi kuphatikiza mapuloteni achilengedwe omwe amapezeka mu tirigu, komanso mochepa kwambiri, mu rye ndi balere. Mamolekyu a Gluten amamasulidwa pamene ufa wothira ndipo kenako amawombera kapena osakaniza. Izi zikachitika, glutens amatambasula ngati mapuloteni amapanga yaitali ndi maunyolo ambiri.
Mapuloteni awa amatha kukhala otsika kwambiri, chifukwa chake mungathe kutambasula mtanda popanda kupunthwa kapena kudula. Zili ngati buluni.
Malo otsekemera a gluten ndiye amagwira ntchito ndi mpweya wopangidwa ndi yisiti kapena wothandizira wina wofufumitsa. Mipweyayi imaphatikizapo mabuloni awa, zomwe zimayambitsa mikate. Potsirizira pake, ikaphika, mtandawo umakhala wovuta kwambiri, umapatsa mkate mkate.
Kodi Mitundu Yotani Imakhala ndi Gluten Yotchuka Kwambiri?
Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya tirigu, iliyonse ili ndi gluten. Mitengo yopangidwa kuchokera ku tirigu wamtundu wa gluten imatchedwa kuthamanga kwambiri ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mkate, bagels, pasta ndi pizza crusts . Mitengo yopangidwa ndi tizilombo tochepa, otchedwa gluten tirigu amatchedwa kufooka kofooka ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mikate ndi zakudya zopanda pake.
Fungo lopangidwa ndi cholinga chonse limapangidwira kuti likhale ndi zakudya zosakaniza zowononga pafupifupi 12 peresenti kapena choncho. Izi zimapanga ufa wabwino pakati pa msewu womwe ukhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa kuphika konse.
Kodi Gluten Amayesetsa Bwanji Kuphika Zakudya?
Popanda gluten, katundu wophikidwa sadzakhala ndi mawonekedwe awo. Ndicho chifukwa ufa wa tirigu amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuphika. Pamene glutens ndi tirigu amatambasulidwa kudzera mukugwedeza kapena kusakaniza ndondomeko, amapanga zipolopolo zing'onozing'ono zomwe zimatha kupangidwa ndi mpweya wotulutsidwa ndi wothandizira. Pamene mapepala awa akugwedezeka, mtanda umatuluka kapena umatuluka.
Ndipo popeza kuti gluten ndi mapuloteni, zimakhala zovuta ngati zimatenthetsa-monga mapuloteni mu dzira amakula pamene tikuphika. Kuumitsa kwa mamolekyuti a gluten ndikomene kumalola kuti mkatewo ukhale wofanana, ndipo umapereka mphamvu yake.
Pamene mtandawo umasakanikirana kapena wophimbidwa, m'pamene pamakhala ma glutens. Ndichifukwa chake timasakaniza mtanda wa mikate kapena zofukiza kwa nthawi yayifupi kusiyana ndi mipukutu ya French.
Kodi Mafuta Amagwirizana Bwanji ndi Gluten?
Pophika, mafuta amalepheretsa chitukuko cha gluteni. Ma cookies ndi ovuta kwambiri kuposa mkate chifukwa ali ndi mafuta ochulukirapo. Zomwe zimachitika ndikuti ma molekyulu a mafuta amazungulira ndi kuchepetseratu mchere wa gluteni kuti sangathe kutambasula.
Ndi pamene tipeze dzina "kuchepetsa" komanso ma cookies ochepa.
Kodi Pali Pasitala ya Gluten?
Gluten ndichinthu chofunikira kwambiri mu zakudya zomwe siziphikidwa, monga pasitala. Gluten ndi chimene chimapatsa pasitala chida chake cholimba. Mphuno zazikulu monga zopangidwa kuchokera ku tirigu wa durumu ndi zabwino kupanga pasta chifukwa cha zakudya zamtundu wa gluteni. Pasitala yopangidwa kuchokera ku ufa wochuluka wa gluten ingakhale yofewa kwambiri ndi mushy.
Kodi N'zotheka Kuphika Popanda Gluten?
Gluten amapereka dongosolo ndi chewiness, koma ndi njira yokhayo yopangira kuwala, katundu wa airy. Ndichifukwa chakuti, popanda gluten, mkate sudzawuka. Ichi ndichifukwa chake, ngati munayesa mkate wopanda gluten , iwo ndi olemera komanso olemetsa. Iwo ali chabe matope a wowuma.
Izi sizikutanthauza kuti tirigu omwe alibe gluteni pang'ono kapena osagwiritsidwa ntchito pophika. Ndizofunika kuti athandizidwe pang'ono - monga ufa wa tirigu.
Mkate wa Rye umakhala ndi ufa wambiri wa tirigu kuposa ufa wa rye . Mbewu imakhalanso ndi gluten, chifukwa chake chimanga chimapangidwa kuchokera ku theka la chimanga, ufa wa tirigu.