Caviar nthawiyonse idatumizidwa ngati chikumbutso ku saloons ku Old West. Panthawi ina iwo ankawoneka kuti ndi ofunikira kwambiri ndipo ndi oyenera kutumizidwa ku mafumu komanso apamwamba. Kodi kwenikweni caviar ndi chiyani? Nchifukwa chiyani chiri chapamwamba kwambiri komanso chotsika mtengo? Nazi zenizeni pamene caviar imachokera ndi zomwe zimakangana.
Tanthauzo
Caviar amatanthauza mazira amchere (roe) a nsomba zamoyo, sturgeon.
Caviar amachokera ku liwu la Persia lija la Khaviar limene limatanthauza "kubweretsa mazira". Mazira ena ochokera ku mitundu ina (monga salimoni, nsomba za m'nyanja, whitefish, ndi nsomba) amatha kutchedwa kuti caviar ngati dzina la nsomba likuphatikizidwa. Mitundu itatu yaikulu ya caviar, beluga, sevruga, ndi osetra, imatanthawuzira mtundu wa sturgeon mtundu wa caviar umachokera.
- Beluga , mazira akuluakulu, amachokera ku mitundu ya Huso. Huso amatha kulemera mapaundi 80 mpaka 400 pamene akukolola ndipo akhoza kulemera mapaundi 2,000. 15 peresenti ya kulemera kwake ndi mazira. Mzimayi wa Huso samanyamula mazira mpaka atakwanitsa zaka 25 ndipo amakhala ndi moyo mpaka zaka 150. Beluga ali ndi zakudya zokoma komanso zokoma kwambiri. Komabe, zovuta zake ndizo zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zolemekezeka kwambiri.
- Sevruga caviar imapezeka kuchokera ku Acipenser stellatus. Timagulu timene timakhala timeneti timakhala pansi pa mapaundi 50. Sevruga ndi yofiirira ndipo imakhala ndi maonekedwe abwino komanso okoma kwambiri.
- Osetra (Osciotr), chodabwitsa cha golide caviar (kapena Imperial caviar), chimachokera ku Acipenser guldenstaedti. Mitundu yotchedwa sturgeonyiyi imakhala kukula kuchokera pa mapaundi 40 mpaka 160. Ngakhale golide ya caviar ndi yamtengo wapatali kwambiri, mazira a mitundu iyi nthawi zambiri amakhala obiriwira kwambiri. The caviar ali ndi nutty kukoma kwake.
Ogulitsa ndi Ogulitsa
Kafukufuku wambiri wa caviar ndi wokhazikika ku Nyanja ya Caspian, ndipo olemba awiriwa ndi Russia ndi Iran (pamodzi ndi mayiko a Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, ndi Turkmenistan).
Sturgeon, komabe, sichimangokhala kumadera awa. Pali mitundu 50 yokha kumpoto kwa dziko lapansi ndipo amapezeka ku North America, China, ndi France.
Otsogola kwambiri a caviar ndi United States (20% ya maiko a kunja kwa Caspian Sea), Switzerland, Japan, ndi European Union (makamaka France, Belgium, Germany, ndi UK).
Chitetezo cha CITES
Ma sturgeon onse ali pangozi kapena akuopsezedwa chifukwa chokwera nsomba, kupha nsomba, malonda a msika wakuda, ndi kusowa kwa malo. Pakalipano, mitundu iŵiri yokha ya sturgeon imaletsedwa kukolola, Acipenser brevirostrum ndi Acipenser sturio. Mitundu ina imatetezedwa ndi CITES. CITES imaphatikizapo Msonkhano Wokhudza Kuchita Malonda Padziko Lonse mu Mitundu Yowopsya. Mayiko angatumize caviar ngati atha kutsimikizira kuti kuchita zimenezi sikungapangitse kuti zamoyo zisapitirire. Nsomba za ku US & Wildlife Service zikuyenera kuyendera caviar yonse ikubwera ku United States. Ma laboratories awo a forensics ali ndi njira zodziŵira mitundu ndi dziko lochokera ku caviar.
Malossol Caviar
Malossol amatanthauza caviar yomwe ili ndi mchere wochuluka kwambiri. Ndi njira zamakono zowonongeka ndi zowonongeka, kuchuluka kwa mchere kumafunika ngati kusungirako sikunali kofanana ndi kale.
American Caviar
Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1800, United States inali imodzi mwa anthu opanga kwambiri caviar padziko lapansi.
Chifukwa cha kusodza nsomba, kugulitsa sturgeon ku banki kunali koletsedwa kumayambiriro kwa mbiri yathu.
Masiku ano, makamaka kupyolera mu mitundu yolima, mtundu wa caviar wabwerera ku America. Caviar ina ya ku America imakhala yapamwamba kwambiri ndipo yayimiridwa bwino ndi zachilengedwe za Caspian caviar.