Cappuccino inangoyamba kutchuka ku America m'ma 1980. Izi zachititsa anthu ena kukhulupirira kuti cappuccino ndi "zakumwa" zatsopano. Komabe, zakumwa izi zimakhala zaka mazana ambiri ndipo zakhala zikukondedwa ndi mibadwo ku Italy ndi ku Ulaya.
Pamaso pa Cappuccino
Ku Ulaya, kumwa kofi kumayambiriro kumayendedwe ka Ottoman. Madzi ndi nyemba za khofi zinabweretsedwa ku chithupsa, ndipo nthawi zina shuga chinawonjezeredwa.
Izi zikufanana ndi kukonzekera kofi ya masiku ano.
Chakumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1700, a British ndi a France adayamba kuyesa nyemba za khofi ku khofi lawo. Pang'onopang'ono, khofi yofiira ndi yofiira inali yotchuka kwambiri kuposa khofi yophika. Panali nthawi yomwe mawu akuti 'cappuccino' adachokera (ngakhale sankagwiritsidwa ntchito pofotokoza zakumwa monga tikudziwira).
Dzina 'Cappuccino'
Cappuccinos poyamba inkawoneka ngati 'Kapuziner' m'nyumba za khofi za Viennese m'ma 1700. Kulongosola kwa 'Kapuziner' kuchokera mu 1805 kunalongosola ngati "khofi ndi kirimu ndi shuga", ndi kufotokoza chakumwa kuchokera mu 1850 kumaphatikizapo "zonunkhira" kuti zipeze. Mulimonsemo, zakumwazi zinali ndi mtundu wofiira wofanana ndi zovala zovala za Capuchin ('Kapuzin') ku Vienna, ndipo dzina lawo linachokera. (Chakumwa chofanana chomwecho chinkadziwika ndi 'Franziskaner'; chinapangidwa ndi mkaka wochuluka ndipo amatchulidwa ndi zovala zofiira kwambiri za amonke a ku Franciscan.) Mawu akuti 'Capuchin' kwenikweni amatanthawuza ndowe kapena hood ku Italy, ndipo linali dzina lopatsidwa kwa ambuye a Capuchin chifukwa chovala mikanjo yawo.
Kutulukira kwa Cappuccino
Ngakhale kuti dzina lakuti 'Kapuziner' linagwiritsidwa ntchito ku Vienna, cappuccino weniweni inakhazikitsidwa ku Italy ndipo dzinalo linasinthidwa kukhala 'Cappuccino'. Choyamba chinapangidwa kumayambiriro kwa 1900a, posakhalitsa pambuyo poti makina a espresso anayamba kufalikira mu 1901. Mbiri yoyamba ya cappuccino yomwe tapeza inali ya m'ma 1930.
'Cappuccini' (monga momwe zimadziŵika ku Italy) pang'onopang'ono anayamba kutchuka m'madera odyera ndi m'malesitilanti kudutsa lonse. Pa nthawiyi, makina a espresso anali ovuta komanso ovuta kwambiri, choncho ankangopititsa kuzipinda zapadera ndipo ankagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi baristi . Chikhalidwe cha khofi cha ku Italy chimakhala ndikukhala pafupi ndi makale apaderawa kwa maola ambiri, kusangalala ndi espresso , cappuccinos, calf lattes, ndi zakumwa zina poyankhula ndi kuwerenga. Zithunzi zochokera m'nthaŵi zikusonyeza kuti cappuccinos idatumizidwa kalembedwe ka "Viennese", zomwe zikutanthauza kuti anali atapulidwa ndi kirimu ndi sinamoni kapena chokoleti chophimba.
Masiku ano Cappuccino ya masiku ano imabadwa
Pambuyo pa nkhondo yachiŵiri yapadziko lonse, cappuccino inapanga kusintha ndi kusinthasintha ku Italy. Izi makamaka chifukwa cha makina abwino a espresso omwe alipo, omwe adatchedwa "Age of Crema ". Zosintha izi ndi zotsatira za WWII zozungulira m'madera ena a ku Ulaya zakhazikitsa malo otchuka a cappuccino padziko lonse lapansi. Apa ndi pamene makono a cappuccino a masiku ano amabadwa, monga momwe zilili nthawi zonse zomwe timalingalira kupanga cappuccino yayikulu (espresso yabwino, mkaka wa steamed ndi mkaka wa chisanu , kukhalapo kwa crema ndi kanyumba kakang'ono kameneka chikho) onse anali kusewera.
Cappuccinos Kuzungulira Globe
Ku Cappuccinos koyamba kunayamba kutchuka ku Ulaya ndi England. (Ku England, mtundu wa espresso wotchuka kwambiri unali, makamaka cappuccino. Unafalikira pachilumbachi mosavuta chifukwa Brits anali atayamba kale kumwa mowa ndi mkaka panthawiyo, koma chikhalidwe chosiyana ndi chikhalidwe cha kappuccino asiyeni kumwa khofi ndi mkaka.) Kenaka, zakumwazo zinasamukira ku Australia, South America, ndi kwina ku Ulaya. Kenako amafalitsa ku America kuyambira m'ma 1980, makamaka chifukwa cha malonda ogulitsa khofi (omwe kale anali ngati chakudya cha khofi yakuda). M'zaka za m'ma 1990, kuyambitsidwa kwa cafe chikhalidwe (ndi zakumwa zamtengo wapatali zomwe zimagwirizana ndi ntchito yambiri ya mpando mu sitolo ya khofi) zinapanga cappuccinos, lattes ndi zakumwa zofanana kwambiri ku US.
Posachedwa, potsiriza anawonekera kwinakwake padziko lapansi, makamaka chifukwa cha Starbucks.
Kwa mbali zambiri, cappuccinos zamakono zimapangidwa ndi espresso, mkaka wotentha, ndi mkaka wofiira. Komabe, m'madera ena a dziko lapansi, cappuccinos zimapangidwanso ngati Viennese Kapuziners, zodzaza ndi kirimu ndi zina zowonjezera. Izi zikuphatikizapo Vienna, ambiri a Austria ndi Europe (monga Budapest, Prague, Bratislava, ndi mbali zina za ufumu wakale wa Austria). Izi zikuphatikizanso ngakhale Trieste, Italy, mzinda womwe umadutsa pa Slovenia ndipo wakhala ukuchitika ndi mayiko osiyanasiyana m'zaka zambiri. Kuyambira m'ma 1950, onse a cappuccinos ndi a Kapuziners akhala akutumizidwa ku espresso bars kuyambira m'ma 1950.
Kwazaka makumi atatu zapitazo, makina odzola okha ku America ndi m'mayiko ena agulitsa chakumwa chomwe chimatchedwa 'cappuccino'. Zakumwazi nthawi zambiri zimapangidwa ndi khofi yoyengedwa kapena ufa wa khofi wamphongo komanso ndi mkaka wofukiza kapena cholowa cha mkaka. Iwo sakhala opukutira ndi kunyezimira koma amakwapulidwa mkati mwa makina kuti apange thovu. Chakumwa choyipa ichi sichigwirizana kwenikweni ndi cappuccino yeniyeni.
M'zaka zaposachedwapa, miyambo ina ya ku Ulaya ya cappuccino yasintha. Chodabwitsa kwambiri, ena a ku Ulaya (makamaka a ku UK, Ireland, Netherlands, Germany, Belgium, France, ndi Spain) ayamba kumwa cappuccino tsiku lonse m'malo mokhala m'mawa. Tsopano, cappuccinos imatchuka kumabhawa masana ndi kuresitilanti itatha chakudya.