Kodi mwaika kangati mpunga wa mpunga kuti muyamwitse, ndipo mubwererenso kwa mphindi 20 kuti mutenge mpunga wochuluka? Phunzirani za mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mpunga, ndi zomwe zimachitika mkati mwa mbewu nthawi zosiyanasiyana.
Mitundu Yambiri ya Mpunga
Pali mitundu yambiri ya mpunga. Amasiyana ndi zakudya zambiri, komanso chofunika kwambiri, mtundu wa wowuma. Pali mitundu iwiri ya wowuma mu mpunga: amylose ndi amylopectin.
Amylose ndi yayitali yaitali, yosaoneka bwino yomwe imakhala yosakaniza pa nthawi yophika, choncho mpunga umene uli ndi wowonjezera wowonjezera umakhala wophika fluffy, ndi mbewu zosiyana. Msuzi woyera wa tirigu wamtunduwu wamakhala ndi amylose kwambiri komanso amylopectin, choncho amayamba kukhala otsika kwambiri. Amylose amakhalanso ovuta pamene akuzizira, akuphatikizana mwamphamvu pamodzi ndi kupanga makina osungunuka pamene mpunga umatsitsidwanso. Mpunga umene uli pamwamba pa amylose uli ndi nambala yochepa ya Index Glycemic.
Amylopectin ndi nthambi yotchedwa molecule yomwe imapangitsa mpunga kukhala wolimba pamene umamasulidwa ku tirigu panthawi yophika. Mchele wapakati wamkati ali ndi amylopectin ambiri, omwe amawapanga kukhala oyenerera kwa risottos, saladi ndi pudding ya mpunga, omwe amatumizidwa ozizira. Msuzi wa mpunga wafupipafupi uli ndi amylopectin komanso amylose pang'ono, kotero amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri ku Asia akuphika pamene mukufuna kuti mbewu zikhale zolimba kuti zikhale zosavuta kudya ndi zokopa.
Ndiye pali mpunga wodula, womwe umakhala wokonzeka kwambiri pamene wophika, wokhala ndi amylopectin wambiri komanso wopanda amylose.
Mchele woyera umakhala ndi chitetezo ndipo nthambi imachotsedwa, kuchepetsa zakudya zake. Koma ku US, mpunga umapindulitsa, ndi zakudya monga calcium, riboflavin, iron, ndi niacin.
Mchele wa Brown uli ndi phokoso lochotsedwa, kotero liri ndi mchere wambiri ndi zakudya. Mchele wotembenuzidwa ndi wophika kapena wouma usanayambe kukonzedwa, umene umachititsa kuti mavitamini ndi minerals ena akhale mu kernel kuchokera ku bran. Mpunga wosandulika ndi wamtundu wambiri kuposa mpunga woyera. Mchele wam'tchire si njere, koma mbewu ya udzu ku North America.
Pamene mpunga wophika, kutentha, ndi madzi zimayambira pamwamba pa mpunga. Mamolekyu otchedwa mkati mwa mpunga wa mpunga amayamba kuphwanya ndi kumwa madzi kuti apange gel. Mtundu wa wowuma mu mpunga umatsimikizira ngati izo zidzakhala fluffy kapena zomatira.
Mitundu ya Mpunga
- Mpunga Wamtundu Wambiri Wambewu
Kuphika kumapanga bwino komanso kumapatukana. Zoperewera pang'ono, koma nthawi zambiri zimapindula ndi zakudya, mavitamini, ndi mchere. - Zapakati Zambewu Mpunga
Amylopectin wambiri mumbewu ndi malo ochepetsera, choncho amatulutsa wowuma pophika kuphika ndikuphika. - Short Grain Rice
Amylopectin wambiri mu mbewu; amatulutsa wowonjezera wowonjezera pakuphika; zokoma ndi zokoma pamene zophikidwa. - Mpunga wa Brown
Chombocho chimachotsedwa pa processing; nthambiyi imasungidwa, zomwe zimayambitsa zowonjezera ndi zakudya. Kutenga nthawi yaitali kuphika kuposa mpunga woyera chifukwa choponderetsa chimakhala chovuta. - Basmati Mpunga
Mpunga wautali wautali, zonunkhira (utamva ngati popuni pamene ukuphika), umaphika ndi fluffy ndi osiyana.
- Wehani Mpunga
Njere yayitali, mpunga wofiira wosasunthika, wokoma kwambiri. Kuphika kumapanga bwino komanso kumapatukana. - Jasmine Rice
Tirigu wamtundu wautali komanso zonunkhira, koma ndi amylopectin zambiri kuposa mpunga wautali wautali, choncho umaphika creamier kuposa njere yayitali. - Arborio Rice
Mpunga wochepa wa mpunga nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito chifukwa cha risotto. Amatulutsa amylopectin ambiri pamene akuphika, kotero mbale yomaliza imakhala yokoma ndipo imakhala ndi pakamwa kwambiri. - Mpunga wautchire
Mbewu ya udzu, uyu 'mpunga' amatenga nthawi yaitali kukaphika kuposa mpunga wofiira ndipo ali ndi nutty kukoma ndi chewy texture. Icho chimaphika fluffy ndi kupatula pokhapokha mutachiphika mpaka itapsa, kapena chophimba chakunja chimasokonekera. Ndiye mpunga ndi wochepetseka komanso wochepa. - Mpunga Wosinthidwa
Iyi ndi mpunga yomwe yayambidwa kale, kenako youma, kotero imaphika mofulumira. Ndibwino kusankha ngati simusankha za khalidwe la mpunga wanu; mumatsimikiziranso zotsatira zosasinthika. Mpunga wa Instant umakonzedwanso; mumangowonjezeretsa powonjezerapo madzi otentha ndi kuzisiya, kuziphimba, kufikira mutha.
Phunzirani Kuphika Mpunga
Msuzi wa tirigu wamphika amatha kuphika kwambiri ndipo amafalikira ngati mbewu zimatchulidwa mu mafuta pang'ono kapena batala mpaka mbewu zina zimayamba kuyang'ana pang'ono. Kenaka onjezerani madzi ozizira (osatentha) mu chiŵerengero cha 1 ndi 1/2 makapu madzi kwa 1 chikho cha mpunga. Bweretsani kusakaniza kwa chithupsa, kenako onetsetsani mwamphamvu, kuchepetsa kutentha, ndi kuimirira kwa mphindi 15, mpaka madziwo atengeke. Sungani chivundikiro pa poto, chotsani poto kuchokera kutentha, ndipo mulole mpungawo uimirire mphindi khumi ndi zina kuti mpweya ukhale. Kenaka fulukani mpunga ndi mphanda.
Mukhoza kuphika mpunga mu uvuni wa microwave. Gwiritsani ntchito mpunga wa 1 chikho ndi 1 ndi 3/4 makapu madzi, mchere wambiri, ndi supuni ya batala mu 2-quart microwave otetezedwa kuphika poto. Phizani poto ndi kuphika pamwamba kwa mphindi zisanu mpaka zamadzimadzi. Pewani njira yeniyeni, kapena mphamvu 50%, ndi kuphika kwa mphindi 15 mpaka 20 (kutalika kwa mpunga wophika) mpaka madzi atengeke. Kusokoneza ndi mphanda. Mchele wa Brown ayenera kuphikidwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira yomweyo koma kuphika pa sing'anga kwa mphindi 30.
Mchele wa Brown ndi wophikidwa bwino mumadzi ambiri, kenako amakhetsedwa ngati kuli kofunikira pamene uli wachifundo. Pezani kutentha ndi kuzizira kwa mphindi 35 mpaka 40, kapena mpaka mpunga uli wachifundo mukamaluma. Ngati pali madzi aliwonse otsalira, chotsani. Kenaka tibweretseni poto kutentha kwakukulu ndikuphika kwa mphindi ziwiri kapena zitatu, nthawi zina mumathamanga ndi mphanda, kuti muwombere pang'ono.
Basmati mpunga, ngati mungapeze zowona, ndizochiza. Maphikidwe ambiri amapempha kuti amwetse kapena kuthira mpunga asanaphike kuti asuke pamtunda, koma mpunga wosakanizidwa ndi wosakanizidwa uli ndi zokometsera zambiri komanso zowonjezereka. Sungani mpunga mu mafuta ochepa, kenaka yikani madzi omwe ali ndi chiwerengero cha tirigu wautali , kenaka mubweretse kwa chithupsa, kuchepetsa kutentha, kuphimba, ndi kusewera kwa mphindi 17 mpaka 18. Chotsani poto kuchokera kutenthe ndi kuima pa steam 10 mphindi yaitali.
Risotto ndi njira yapadera yophika mpunga. Msuzi wamphongo wafupipafupi kapena wapakatikati amayamba kusungunuka mafuta kapena mafuta, kenaka otentha madzi amawonjezeredwa pang'onopang'ono, pomwe akuyambitsa kusakaniza kawirikawiri.
Kupweteka uku kumathandiza kumasula kunja kwa mpunga, kumalola kuti wowonjezera (amylopectin) alowe mu msuzi, kupanga mbale yokoma ndi yolemera. Mpunga umaphikidwa mpaka utakhazikika koma wachifundo.
Mchele wokhazikika , kapena tirigu wochepa kapena mpunga wa glutinous, ndi wokongola kwambiri chifukwa wophika chifukwa mwachibadwa amakhala wokonzeka ngati wophikidwa molingana ndi mapepala. Chovuta ndi kuphika mpunga kuti mbewuzo zikhale zosavuta komanso zofiira; zokoma ndi zokoma ndi zophweka!
Ophika a mpunga ndi zipangizo zabwino zomwe zimayambitsa mtundu uliwonse wa mpunga umene mumakonda popanda luso lanu. Ngati mukuphika mpunga wambiri, taganizirani kugula mpunga wophika.