Kuphika, chotupitsa ndi mpweya umene umapangitsa mkate, mikate, ndi zina zina zotsekemera zikawuka mu uvuni. Mpweya umenewo umapangidwa m'njira zosiyanasiyana, malingana ndi mtundu wa chotupitsa chomwe mumagwiritsa ntchito. Izi zimakhala zosiyana malinga ndi zomwe mukuphika, koma njira yosavuta yoganizira ndiyi kuti wothandizira amawotcha mpweya, ndipo mpweya umachititsa kuti mtanda ukhalepo kapena kumenyana.
Pali mitundu ikuluikulu itatu ya otupitsa: chilengedwe, mankhwala ndi nthunzi.
Momwe Zofufumitsa Zimayambitsa Mavuto Kuti Akule
Mkaka umapangidwa ndi ufa wa tirigu, umene uli ndi mapuloteni awiri otchedwa gliadin ndi glutenin. Mukawonjezera madzi ndikuyamba kusakaniza, gliadin ndi glutenin zimapanga puloteni yatsopano yotchedwa gluten .
Mamolekyu a Gluten amadzikonzekera okha m'zinyolo zomwe zingakhale yaitali komanso zotanuka. Izi zimapangitsa kuti mutenge mtanda wa mkate ndikuwutambasula pakati pa zala zanu. Mukamapukuta kwambiri, zimatambasula.
Kenaka, mpweya womwe umapangidwa ndi wophika chotupitsa umapanga utsi wazing'ono masauzande ambiri mu mtanda, womwe umapangitsa kuti umve. Tangoganizani zikwi zambiri za mabuloni ang'onoang'ono akuwombedwa ndi mpweya.
Mkate ndi wotambasula, monga mabuloni. Ngati sizinali choncho, mmalo mowombera buluni, zidzakhala ngati kuponyera mu kapu yamadzi ndi udzu. Mphunoyi imatha kutuluka ndipo mpweya umatha. Chifukwa cha kukula kwa mtanda, ming'aluyo imakula popanda kupasuka, motero mpweya umakhalabe wotsekemera kwa nthawi yaitali kuti gawo lachitatu la zomwe zimachitika lichitike.
Pomalizira, kutentha kwa uvuni kumaphika mtanda, kuupangitsa kuti ukhazikitse pamene zipolopolo zazing'onozo ziri mu chikhalidwe chawo. Choncho, pang'onopang'ono gasiyo ikapulumuka, mapepala amenewo amakhala ndi mawonekedwe awo m'malo moipitsa. Kukula kwa mapepala amenewo kumapangitsa kuti thupi lanu likhale lokongola. Miphika yaing'ono ya mpweya imapanga maonekedwe osalala, monga ndi keke.
Zikuluzikulu zimapanga mawonekedwe okhwimitsa, monga ndi mkate wambiri .
Chakudya Chotupitsa: Mtumiki Wopatsa Chofufumitsa
Chakudyacho chimapangidwa ndi zamoyo zokhala ndi mafunde (mtundu wa bowa) zomwe zimapangitsa kukhala kutali kwambiri ndi chirichonse chimene inu kapena ine ndikanachizindikira kuti ndi "moyo," komabe iwo amachita ntchito yofunikira. Chakudya chimayambitsa ndondomeko, koma palibe chomwe chingakhalepo monga mowa, vinyo kapena mkate.
Kodi kuyera kumagwira ntchito bwanji yisiti ndikudya shuga ndikupanga carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) gasi ndi mowa. Mowa ndiwopereka mwayi wopambana ndi operekera zakudya, ndipo CO 2 imakhala yabwino kwa ophika. CO 2 imapanganso ming'oma mowa.
Pali mitundu yochepa ya yisiti ya wophika mkate:
- Msowa wouma wouma ndi zomwe maphikidwe ambiri amazitanira. Ndi yisiti yowuma, yofiira imagulitsidwa m'mapaketi kapena mitsuko. Musanayambe kugwira ntchito, yisiti yowumitsa imayenera kuchitidwa, kapena "kutsimikiziridwa," potayika m'madzi ofunda. Kutentha kwabwino ndi 105 F. Kuzizira kuposa izo ndipo yisiti sichidzawonetsa kwathunthu; Kutentha kwambiri ndipo iwe umapha yisiti isanachite chirichonse.
- Yisiti yowuma yowonjezereka imakhalanso yisiti ya granular yomwe imagulitsidwa m'mapaketi kapena mitsuko. Mosiyana ndi yisiti youma yowuma, komabe phokoso lophweka lingakhale losakanikirana ndi ufa wanu, palibe umboni wofunikira. Komanso, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito 1/3 mpaka 1/2 mobwerezabwereza yisiti yowuma poyerekeza ndi yogwira ntchito.
- Nsomba yatsopano imapezeka makamaka m'masitolo ophika malonda. Zimabwera mu njerwa zamataundi ndipo zikhoza kuwonjezedwa mwachindunji ku mtanda kapena kusungunuka m'madzi poyamba. Zindikirani kuti Kutha kokha kungoti tithawikirane bwino; sizikusowa umboni.
Mukhoza kusintha yisiti yatsopano kuti mukhale wouma kapena wouma pokhapokha mwawonjezeredwa ndi 0,5 ndi 0.35, motero. Monga mwalamulo, ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito mtundu uliwonse wa yisiti wopatsidwa zoyenera. Pali mitundu yambiri yomwe ingayambe mutha kusintha.
Nthaŵi zambiri, yisiti mikate imawuka kamodzi, kenaka imagwetsedwa pansi, kenako nkuwuka. Pomaliza, amapita mu ng'anjo, komwe kutentha kumadzutsa yisiti ndikuchotsedwa kwa CO 2 musanafike pofika 140 F ndikufa.
Ndiyenera kufotokoza kuti, mosiyana ndi otsogolera awiri otupitsa, yisiti imapanganso kukoma.
Zoonadi, kuwonjezera yisiti kuzipangizo sizidzachititsa kuti mkate ukhale wochulukirapo, koma udzapangitsa kuti mukhale ndi yisiti yowonjezera kwambiri.
Zakudya Zakudya Zakudya Zakudya Zakudya Zakudya Zofufumitsa
Soda yopatsa soda (nthawi zina yotchedwa sodium bicarbonate kapena bicarbonate ya soda) ndi ufa wonyezimira umene umabwera m'bokosi, ndipo uli ndi pH mlingo wa 8 mpaka 9, kutanthauza kuti ndiwo maziko. Pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala othandizira, idzapanga mankhwala omwe amachititsa kuti CO 2 isulidwe.
Mosiyana ndi yisiti, yomwe imachitika pang'onopang'ono kwa nthawi yaitali, kuchita soda mofulumira, ndicho chifukwa chake mkate ndi maffin omwe amabweretsa amatchedwa mikate yofulumira.
Zitsanzo zina za mavitamini omwe amachititsa kuti soda ayambe kusuta ndi mandimu , madzi a mandimu, yogurt, kirimu wowawasa, masewera kapena uchi. M'mawonekedwe ake ouma, soda ndi inert, koma kamangidwe, imayambira mwamsanga.
Kuphika ufa ndi mankhwala opangidwa ndi soda yowonjezera kuphatikizapo chigawo china chowongolera, komanso mawonekedwe a ufa. Malingana ngati zimakhala zouma, sizigwira ntchito. Akadothira, mankhwala amayamba. Sichikuyenda mofulumira kusiyana ndi kuwona soda chowongolera, komabe. Mosiyana ndi soda, ufa wophika umachita kawiri, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti zimayamba kugwira ntchito potsakaniza, kenako zimatulutsa mpweya wambiri umawotcha. Ndicho chifukwa chake chakudya china chofulumira chimamenyana, monga zikondamoyo , chikhoza kuchitidwa kwa kanthaŵi popanda kuperewera kwawo.
Chinthu chimodzi chomwe sichikhoza kunenedwa mokwanira, komabe, sungathe kulowetsa soda ku ufa wophika, kapena mobwerezabwereza, chifukwa sichigwira ntchito.
Kutentha: Mtumiki Wopatsa Chotupitsa
Mosiyana ndi otupitsa pamwambapa, onse omwe amapanga mpweya wa CO 2 , mpweya ndi mpweya wa madzi, womwe umapangidwa pamene madzi mu mtanda wanu amakafika 212 F ndipo amapukuta.
Kutentha kwakale kungakuwoneke mosavuta poyerekeza ndi njira zodabwitsa komanso zodabwitsa zomwe tafotokozazi, koma nthunzi ndi mphamvu. Madzi akamakhala steam, mawu ake amawonjezeka nthawi 1,500. Mphamvu yomwe kukulaku kukuchitika kumawonjezeka ndi kutentha kwakukulu. Zakudya zam'mimba ndi zowawa zapakale ndi zitsanzo ziwiri za pastry zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito nthunzi monga chotupitsa chawo, komabe pamene zikonzekera bwino zimakhala zowonongeka kwambiri.
Mfungulo ndikutsimikiza kuti mtanda ukugwira nthunzi. Pogwiritsa ntchito mafutawa , izi zimachitika mwa kuphatikizapo batala mu mtanda ndiyeno n'kuuponyera mu zolembera. Njirayi imapanga zigawo zambirimbiri, zomwe zimatuluka m'zigawo zosiyana siyana chifukwa cha nthunzi yotulutsa madzi mu mtanda ndi madzi mu batala.
Chophika chophika , chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zokometsera zonunkhira, zokometsera ndi zofiira, zimagwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyana. Pophika mtandawo kamodzi pa stovetop, glutens amagawidwa pang'ono, zomwe zimachepetsa kukoloka kwa mtanda.
Pakalipano, wowuma mu ufa ndijelatinized, yomwe imathandiza kupanga. Potero ikaphika, nthunzi imayambitsa mapepala, koma m'malo mobwezera, imakhala ndi mawonekedwe ake ndipo mapepala apakati pakati pa pastry amakhala osasunthika.