Monosodium glutamate, kapena MSG , ndi chakudya chokoma chowonjezera chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ku Asia kuphika. Amakhalanso ndi zakudya zolimbitsa komanso zakudya zogulitsa malonda monga chips. Anthu ena amapeza kuti kudyetsa MSG chakudya kumayambitsa mavuto ndi zizindikiro kuphatikizapo mutu, kunyoza, ndi ena.
MSG imachokera ku amino acid yotchedwa glutamic acid, yomwe imapezeka mwachibadwa mu zakudya monga bowa, okalamba a parmesan ndi zakudya zofiirira monga soya msuzi.
Glutamic acid ndilo gulu lalikulu la mankhwala otchedwa glutamates, omwe ali magwero a kukoma komwe amatchedwa umami .
MSG ndi Umami
Moyambilira amafotokozedwa kuti "zokondweretsa," "zodyetsa" kapena "earthy", umami wazindikira kuti ndikumvetsera kwachisanu, kuphatikizapo zokoma, zamchere, zakuda ndi zowawa. Amapatsa ulemu monga mavitamini monga umami, kapena moyenera (monga shuga ndi lokoma ndi mandimu ndi zowawa), zimatulutsa umami.
Kuwonjezera pa zokoma zake zokha, umami nayenso ali ndi phindu lokulitsa zovunditsa zina mwa kuwapatsa zakuya ndi chidzalo kwa iwo. Chifukwa chake, kuchokera ku MSG ndi kupanga glutamate, kuwonjezera MSG ku chakudya kumachita zinthu ziwiri: Zimaphatikizapo kudzichepetsa , komanso kulimbikitsa ndi kukulitsa zokonda zina, makamaka mchere ndi wowawasa.
Kuphika ndi MSG
MSG inagwiritsidwa ntchito polekanitsa asidi a glutamic m'mphepete mwa nyanja zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pomanga msuzi wa Japanese jam kombu dashi . Ndipo ngakhale kuti zakudya zowonongeka zimachitika mwachibadwa m'thupi ndi mkaka kufikira chimanga ndi tirigu, MSG ndizowonjezera chakudya.
M'mayiko a ku Asia, MSG imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zokometsetsa panthawi yopatsa. Ichi ndi chifukwa chake malo ogulitsa zakudya zaku Asia amagulitsa matumba a MSG. Amabwera monga ufa wonyezimira woyera, womwe umakonkhetsedwanso mu zokwawa komanso zokonzekera zina. Latin American ndi Caribbean zakudya zimaphatikizapo MSG, makamaka mu spice rubs.
Ndipo ku US, kulapa kwapamwamba kowonjezera nthawi zonse kumakhala koyera.
MSG mu Chakudya
MSG ilipo pazinthu zambiri zomwe zili pamasewera odyera mwamsanga, makamaka muzakudya za nkhuku. MSG imaphatikizidwanso ku zinthu zambiri zamalonda zogulitsa malonda kuphatikizapo:
- Zophika (makamaka makamaka tchizi-zokoma) tchips ndi crackers
- Msuzi zam'chitini
- Zakudya zam'mawonekedwe
- Msuzi ndi kusakaniza kusakaniza
- Mchere wamchere
- Bouillon cubes
- Saladi kuvala
- Zosakaniza zamagulu kapena gravies zisanayambe
- Kudula kansalu ndi agalu otentha, kuphatikizapo mitundu ya soya (ie ndiwo zamasamba)
Komanso, onani kuti zakudya zonse zophatikizidwa zomwe zili ndi MSG zidzanena momveka bwino pa chizindikirocho. Zosakaniza monga mapuloteni a hydrolyzed, yisiti yopangidwa ndi autolyzed, ndi sodium caseinate zonsezi ndizozizwitsa za MSG. Anthu omwe ali ndi zovuta kapena zowonongeka kwa MSG ayenera kukhala osamala chifukwa chotchula mayinawa.
Masewera Otetezeka a MSG
MSG "amadziwika kuti ndi yotetezeka" kapena GRAS ndi FDA koma izi sizikutanthauza kuti zili zotetezedwa kwa aliyense. Anthu ena ali ndi chidwi pazinthu zambiri pamene anthu ena ali ndi zovuta zowonjezera. Ngati simungathe kudya glutamate muyenera kupewa MSG. Amakhulupirira kuti anthu ambiri alibe chidwi ndi MSG.
Zotsatira za MSG zotsatira
Anthu ena amapeza kuti kugwiritsira ntchito MSG, makamaka kwakukulu, kungayambitse zotsatira zosiyanasiyana ndi zizindikiro, kuphatikizapo (koma osaperewera):
- Mutu
- Nausea
- Chizungulire
- Kufulumira kapena kusagwirizana kwa mtima
- Flushing kapena thukuta kwambiri
- Kuthamanga kwa khungu
- Numbness
- Ludzu kwambiri
- Lembali kapena kugona
- Kumva makutu
- Kusinkhasinkha pakamwa
Kodi chimakhala chichuluka bwanji? Pa US Food and Drug Administration, chiri chonse chopitirira magalamu atatu a MSG kapena osachepera supuni ya teaspoonful. Ndiyo ndalama zomwe zimalangizidwa kuti zikhale zokometsetsa mpaka mphindi zisanu za mpunga wokazinga , kapena pafupifupi mapaundi a nyama. Koma ndi zing'onoting'ono zing'onozing'ono, zimakhala zosavuta kuona momwe malo odyera otanganidwa amatha kuphika mosavuta.