Ndi nthawi ya Tequila
Tequila ndi mzimu wotchuka wotetezedwa womwe uli wolemera m'mbiri, kutali kwambiri ndi margarita wotchuka . Poyambirira kumagwiritsidwa ntchito pa miyambo kuyambira zaka 2,000 zapitazo, tequila yasanduka mpweya wabwino womwe timamwa lero. Zaka zaposachedwapa, zadutsa khalidwe limene ambiri mwa ife sakanalota zaka zingapo zapitazo.
Mbiri ya Tequila
Tauni ya Tequila inakhazikitsidwa mu 1656 m'dera lomwe tsopano ndi dziko la Mexico la Jalisco.
Sizinatenga nthawi yaitali kuti tequila ipangidwe m'dziko lonselo ndipo Jose Cuervo ndiye anali woyamba kugulitsira mankhwalawa. Chakumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1800 adawona maiko oyambirira ku United States ndi Revolution yotsatira ya Mexican ndi World Wars anaonjezera ku kutchuka kwa tequila.
Tequila imayendetsedwa ndi Appellation Origin Origin. Mu 1978, makampani a tequila adayambitsa ndondomeko yowonjezera yomwe imayendetsa malo ndi momwe tingagwiritsire ntchito tequila, chomwe chili pamatchulidwe, kalembedwe (kapena mtundu) wa tequila, ndipo chomwe chingatchulidwe mwalamulo ndi tequila. NOM-006-SCFI-2012 imafotokoza malamulowa ndipo imayang'aniridwa ndi a Consejo Regulador del Tequila (CRT, kapena Tequila Regulatory Council).
Tequila ingapangidwe kokha m'madera a mayiko ena a ku Mexico. Zikuphatikizapo: 124 madera a Jalisco (kuphatikizapo tauni ya Tequila komanso ma tequila ochuluka), ma municipalities 8 ku Nayarit, ma municipalities 7 ku Guanajuato, ma municipalities 30 ku Michoacan, ndi madera 11 ku Tamaulipas.
Kodi Tequila Yapangidwa Motani?
Chomera cha Agave: Tequila imapangidwa ndi kutulutsa timadzi timadzimadzi ta mtengo wa weber blue agave ndi madzi. The agave ndi membala wa kakombo banja ndipo amawoneka ngati chimphona aloe vera chomera ndi spiked barbs pa nsonga. Pambuyo pa zaka 7 mpaka khumi zikukula, zomera za agave zimakonzekera kukolola ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito popanga tequila.
Pansi, chomeracho chimapanga babu yayikulu yotchedwa piña , yomwe imawoneka ngati nyanangwa yoyera. Masamba a agave amachotsedwa ndipo piñas amagawanika ndipo amawotchera pang'onopang'ono mu ovens kapena matope kuti njuchi zonse zisanduke shuga. Manyowa ophikawa amathyoledwa kuti atulutse madzi okoma a mbewu, omwe amawotcha.
100% Agave vs. Mixto: Malingana ndi lamulo la Mexico, tequila zonse ziyenera kukhala ndi 51 peresenti Weber blue agave ( Agave tequilana ). Tequila yabwino kwambiri ndi 100% Yagawa ya blue blue ndipo idzakhala yosamveka bwino momwemo mu botolo. Lamulo limafunikanso kuti apangidwe, kuikidwa m'mabotolo, ndi kuyesedwa ku Mexico.
Tequila yomwe siiri 100% agave imatchedwa mixto (osakaniza) chifukwa ili ndi shuga ndi madzi pa distillation. Mixto tequilas ikhoza kutulutsidwa kunja kwa Mexico. Mpaka kuzungulira zaka za m'ma 2100, mixtos anali opangira tequilas. Masiku ano, ambiri mwa tequila omwe mumapeza ndi "Tega 100% ya Agave."
Distillation: Tequila imatulutsidwa mu mphika kapena penti yazitsulo mpaka ifikira umboni pafupifupi 110. Zotsatira zake ndi mzimu woonekera ndi ochuluka a congeners. Mitundu imeneyi imayambitsa matenda oledzeretsa omwe nthawi zambiri amaganiza kuti ndizosautsa zomwe zingayambitse matenda oopsa kwambiri.
Ena a tequila (olemba tequila) amatsanso tequila kuti apange mowa woyera. Pamaso pa bottling, distillate imadulidwa ndi madzi kuti ipeze mphamvu ya bottling, yomwe nthawi zambiri ili ndi umboni wa 80, kapena 40 peresenti ya mowa ndi voliyumu (ABV).
Ma tequilas amveka bwino ndipo amatchedwa blanco kapena silver tequila. Ena amavala mtundu wa bulauni chifukwa cha imodzi mwazifukwa zomwe zingatheke. Kawirikawiri tequila ya golide imatulutsa mtundu wawo kuchokera kuwonjezera pa caramel kapena zowonjezera zina. Reposado ndi añejo tequilas amapeza mtundu wawo wa golide wagolide wokalamba . Ena a tequilas amavomerezedwa ndi sherry, prune concentrate, ndi kokonati, ngakhale izi si "zoona" tequilas, koma "tequila mankhwala."
Mitundu 5 (Tipos) ya Tequila
Mukamagwiritsa ntchito njira zanu zamagetsi mumsitolo, mumakumana ndi ma tyuti (mitundu) ya tequila.
Zimasiyanasiyana malinga ndi miyezo yomwe CRT imayendera chifukwa cha momwe amapangidwira. Mitundu yodziwika bwino ya tequila idzapereka blanco, reposado, ndi añejo tequila mu mbiri yawo. Mukhoza kuyembekezera kulipira $ 10 zina pamene mukukonzekera kumsinkhu wotsatira.
Blanco, Silver, kapena White Tequila (Tipo 1): Blanco tequila ndi mzimu womveka bwino womwe ukhoza kukhala wogawanika kapena wosakaniza. Ma tequilas ndi "okalamba" -monga ngati "otsala" -sanathe masiku makumi asanu ndi limodzi m'matangi a zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri, ngati ali okalamba nkomwe. Ma blancos osagwiritsidwa ntchito amapatsa oledzerawa chidwi chokhala ndi agave ndipo ali ndi chidwi chodziwika bwino cha dziko lapansi chomwe chimakhala ndi tequila. Ngati simunalawa blanco, ndiye kuti mukusowa pa choyera choyera cha plant agave.
Silver tequila imagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pakusakaniza ndipo imakhala yabwino kwa pafupifupi tequila iliyonse yotsatsa ndipo nthawi zambiri imakhala yosavuta kusiyana ndi golide ya tequila . Ngati mukufunafuna khalidwe labwino, lopanda mtengo, lonse lozungulira tequila kuti likhalepo, blanco ndiyo njira yabwino kwambiri.
Joven kapena Gold Tequila (Tipo 2): Joven (achinyamata) kapena oro (golide) tequilas ndiwo omwe ambiri oledzera amadziwa bwino, makamaka ngati mumagwiritsa ntchito ma tequila shots m'zaka makumi angapo zapitazi za m'ma 1900. Gold tequilas ndi yomwe imayambitsa zovuta zambiri za tequila ndipo inali yofalitsidwa kwambiri ku US nthawi imeneyo.
Izi nthawi zambiri zimakhala zosagwidwa ndi tequilas zomwe zimakhala ngati mixtos ndipo zimakhala zofiira ndi zokongoletsedwa ndi caramel, chotsekedwa ndi thundu, glycerin, madzi, ndi zina zina. Ngakhale kuti tequilas zambiri za golide zimasiya chinthu chofunikirako poyerekeza ndi makalasi ena, palinso zida zabwino zomwe zilipo. Ngati mudzamwa tequila ya golidi, pikani kumakoko okongola kwambiri kapena (ngati muyenera).
Reposado Tequila (Tipo 3): Matenda a Reposado (otsala) amatha msinkhu miyezi iŵiri ndipo ambiri ali ndi miyezi itatu mpaka 9. Miphika yamatsenga ya blanco yoyera ndikupereka mtundu wofewa wotsekemera kwa agave komanso kupereka tequila mtundu wake wa udzu.
Zakhala zotchuka kwa distilleries mpaka zaka za tequilas mu mbiya zamagalimoto zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, zomwe zimapanga gawo lina kumapeto kwa kukoma.
Mafuta ochepa kwambiri kuposa ma blancos, reposado tequilas ndi malo apakati a mitundu itatu ikuluikulu yomwe imapezeka panopa pa tequila. Zimakhala zogwiritsidwa ntchito moyenera kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito mowa wambiri wa tequila , makamaka omwe ali ndi mavitidwe owala ngati margarita kapena tequini . Reposados imathandizanso kupanga tequilas zabwino kwambiri .
Añejo Tequila (Tipo 4): Añejo tequila ndi tequila " wakale " . Ma tequilaswa ndi okalamba, nthawi zambiri amakhala oyera, amtengo wachi French kapena amagwiritsa ntchito mbiya za bourbon kwa zaka zosachepera chaka chimodzi kuti apange mzimu wakuda kwambiri. Ambiri añejos ali ndi zaka zoposa 18 ndi zaka zitatu pamene zina zabwino zitha kukhala zaka zinayi m'mbale. Ambiri a tequileros amakhulupilira kuti kukalamba kwa zaka zoposa zinayi kumawononga mau a dziko lapansi.
Añejo tequilas zimakhala zosalala bwino ndi mgwirizano wabwino wa agave ndi thundu. Nthawi zambiri mumapeza zitsulo zamtundu wa caramel ndi caramel, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti izi zikhale zoyera kuti ziwongole bwino (zozizira ngati mukufuna) kapena zomwe zimakonda kwambiri.
Mukhoza kufanana ndi añejo kumalo otchuka otchedwa brandy kapena whiskey . Yesani ma tequilas mu kamphinda kakang'ono kuti muzimvetsa bwino zonunkhira zawo. Monga momwe tingayembekezere, añejo tequilas ndi ena mwa mtengo wapatali pamsika, ngakhale pali zambiri zomwe mungagwiritse ntchito.
Extra-Añejo Tequila (Tipo 5): Kusintha kwa msika wa tequila m'zaka zaposachedwa kwachititsa kuti pakhale mtundu wachisanu wa tequila, umene umatchedwa extra-añejo kapena muy añejo (owonjezera).
Ma tequilaswa amatha zaka zoposa zinayi m'mbale ndipo ali ndi mbiri yomwe imatsutsana ndi nsomba zambiri zakale zomwe mungapeze. Mwachidziŵikire, mtengo wa tequilas ukuwonetsera nthawi yawo yowonjezeramo mu mbiya ndipo izi ndi zomwe mukufuna kuti muzizisunga kuti muziwombera molunjika, ndikukondwera ndichiwiri chachiwiri chazochitikira.
Momwe mungawerenge Tequila Label
Pali mitundu yambiri ya tequila pamasitolo oledzera ndipo kusankha bwino kungakhale ntchito yovuta. Nawa ena mwa zinthu zomwe mungapeze pa chizindikiro chomwe chingakuthandizeni kupanga chisankho chabwino. Kumbukirani kuti mumalipira zomwe mumapeza.
- Mtundu (Tipo): Blanco, Golide, Reposado, Añejo, Extra-Añejo, Reserva de Casa (nthawi zambiri zimakhala zochepa)
- Chiyero: Ndigawanika 100% yokha. Ngati chizindikirocho sichikunena kuti "100% agave" mu mawonekedwe ena, ndi mixto.
- NOM: Akuyang'ana nambala yolembera ya distiller yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kusiyanitsa mankhwala opitirira 500 opangidwa ndi distillers pafupifupi 70. Malemba onse a tequila amayenera kukhala ndi NOM. Ziribe kanthu chomwe chizindikirocho chikunena, NOM sichikusonyeza khalidwe.
- CRT: Chiwonetsero chakuti Tequila Regulatory Council (CRT) yatsimikiziranso za mankhwalawa. Apanso, ichi si chitsimikiziro cha khalidwe, limangonena kuti CRT yavomereza njira yopangira kampaniyo ndipo iyi ndi legit tequila.
- Hecho ku Mexico: Anapangidwa ku Mexico. Ma tequilas a 100% amatha kupangidwa ndi kuikidwa m'mabotolo ku Mexico. Hecho mano amatanthawuza "zopangidwa ndi manja" ndipo, ngakhale si nthawi yowonjezera, nthawi zambiri amasonyeza njira zakulera.
- DOT: Chizindikiro kapena chiyambi cha nambala, kusonyeza kutsata malamulo a Mexico ponena za kumene chipangidwecho chinapangidwira. Mwina sizingakhale pa malemba onse.
- Dzina lajambula : Ili ndilo dzina lenileni (mwachitsanzo, Sauza, Jose Cuervo, Corazon) ndipo sichikusonyeza yemwe amapanga mankhwala chifukwa mankhwala ambiri opanga distilleries amapanga katundu wambiri.
- Mowa Wokhutira: Tequilas ku Mexico kawirikawiri ndi mowa 38 mpaka 40 peresenti ya mowa ndi voliyumu (ABV, umboni wa 76 mpaka 80). Mwalamulo, iwo angakhale amphamvu, mpaka 50 peresenti ABV (umboni 100).
Mafuta Agave Owonjezera
Tequila ndi mzimu wodetsedwa wosungunuka wopangidwa kuchokera ku plant agave, ngakhale siwo wokha kapena ngakhale wamkulu kwambiri. Zina mwa zakumwa zina zoterezi, monga mezcal, zikuyambanso kudziwika bwino ndikufika kumsika komanso omwera.
Mezcal: Mosiyana ndi tequila, mezcal ikhoza kugwiritsira ntchito mitundu yoposa eyiti yovomerezeka ya mtengo wa agave ndipo ili ndi kukoma kokometsa, mofanana ndi Scotches ku Islay. Mwachidziwitso, tequila ndi mezcal , koma onse a mezcals sali a tequila.
Izi ndizonso pamene tequila mphutsi ya nthano imabwera m'nkhaniyi. Ngakhale chifukwa chake chiri chosasunthika, nkhani imodzi imanena kuti nyongolotsiyi inayikidwa mu mabotolo kuti atsimikizire kuti mowa ndi wokwanira kwambiri kuti mphutsi ikhale yolimba. Nyongolotsi yokha ndiyo mphutsi ya njenjete ziwiri zomwe zimakhala pa plant ndi agave, ndipo ambiri monga anyamata amatsimikizira, ali otetezeka kudya.
Mezcals yapamwamba kwambiri alibe mbobo. Zaka zaposachedwapa, mezcal yawona kuyamikira kwatsopano ndi kudzipereka kwotsatila.
Pulque: Pulque ndi mzimu wakale umene kale unkadziwika kwambiri ku Mexico. Kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa izo ndi tequila ndi mezcal ndikuti agave saphika asanachotse juzi. Sizimapezeka pamsika wamalonda, komabe nthawi zina mungaupeze mumatumba asanu ndi limodzi a zitini.
Sotol: Sotol ndi mezcal ya m'madera osiyanasiyana kuchokera ku Chihuahua ndipo imapangidwa kuchokera ku wina wotchedwa dasylirion. Nthawi zambiri amakhala okalamba kwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi ndipo nthawi zambiri samapezeka kunja kwa dera lawo.
Raicilla: Amatchedwa " rye-see-yah ," nthaŵi zambiri raicilla amatchedwa mionshine wa Mexico. Ndicho chithandizo chodziwika kwambiri kwa alendo okacheza ku Puerta Vallarta kumene amapangidwa kokha lero. Agave inaequidens ndi chomera chimene chimapangidwa. Mpaka posachedwa, kunali koletsedwa kupanga, koma opangira ma bootleggers adasunga moyo wawo m'zaka zonsezi. Izi zimakhala zoledzeretsa, zowonjezera, kapena ndi soda (monga paloma ).
Baconara: Baconara ali ndi mbiri yofanana ndi raicilla ndipo adanyozedwa mpaka 1992. Zapangidwa ku Sonora kuchokera ku Agave pacifica (kapena Agave yaquinana ), yomwe imakhetsedwa pansi pamadzi a miyala ya lava. N'zosatheka kuzipeza kunja kwa dera.
Fufuzani Tequila mwa Munthu
Tequila ndi imodzi mwa mizimu yosangalatsa kwambiri imene ilipo. Palibe njira yabwino yowonjezeramo kuyamikira kwatsopano ndikupanga zomwe zimalowa mmalo kuposa kuyendera Mexico ndikuziwona nokha.
Ngati mukufuna kuchita zimenezo, fufuzani webusaiti ya La Ruta del Tequila. "Njira ya Tequila" inakonzedwa kuti ikuthandizire alendo kuti akapeze ma distilleries kuti apite, phunzirani za kuyang'ana minda yokongola ya agave, ndi zina zonse zomwe mukufunikira kukonzekera ulendo wanu wopita ku Jalisco. Ngati mukufuna, funsani woyendetsa alendo ndipo angapezenso phukusi la ulendo.