Mafuta: Mbali Yofunika Kwambiri ya Bokosi la Winemaker
Ubale wautali umene vinyo wagwiritsa ntchito ndi mtengo wamtengo umayenera kufufuza, makamaka popeza mbiya za mtengo wa oki zakhala zikugwiritsidwa ntchito mowa vinyo ndi kukalamba kwa zaka zambiri. Mtengowu umagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati "zokometsetsa" kuti uwonjezere kukoma ndi kamwa kokakamiza vinyo. Ma vinyo okwera mtengo kwambiri padziko lapansi nthawi zonse amasangalala nawo gawo lawo labwino la oak. Kaya ndi French, Hungarian, American kapena ena, zopereka za thundu zimachokera ku vinyo wa botolo.
Ndi Mavinyo Amtundu Womwe Amene Amalowetsedwa?
Vinyo wofiira omwe amapindula ndi mtengo wamtengo wapatali monga Pinot Noir , Cabernet Sauvignon , Merlot, Pinotage, Chianti, Zinfandel, Nebbiolo, Tempranillo, ndi Syrah. Mitundu yambiri ya vinyo wovomerezeka yomwe imalandira chithunzi cha oak ndi Pinot Grigio , Pinot Blanc , Sauvignon Blanc , Semillon komanso Chardonnay .
N'chifukwa Chiyani Omwe Amamwa Vinyo?
Mafuta amapereka zonunkhira ndi zonunkhira ku vinyo powonjezerapo zowonjezera, zowoneka bwino komanso zovuta. Pamphuno, zikopa zamtengo wapatali zimakhala zochititsa kuti phokoso likhale lozungulira palimodzi, ndi clove, sinamoni, mtedza, vanila ndi "allspice" zomwe zimakhala zonunkhira zomwe zimachokera ku nthawi ya vinyo yomwe imakhala mu mtengo. Pamphuno, chikoka cha mthunzi chimayang'ana ku zokopa zochuluka za caramel, kokonati, vanila, sinamoni, clove, utsi, tiyi, mocha, toffee, ndi batala.
Mphepete Yamtengo ndi Vinyo
Chombo choterechi chimakhala ndi makilogalamu 59 kapena 60 (malingana ndi malo omwe amachokera ku Bordeaux mapiritsi kapena "mipiringidzo" amakhala ndi malita 225 kapena 59 gallons, komwe mbiya ya Burgundy imakhala pa malita 60 kapena 228 malita).
Popeza kuti thundu mwachibadwa limakhala lopanda chilengedwe, monga vinyo amatha nthawi mu mbiya, madzi ena amatha kutuluka ndi makrigalamu pafupifupi asanu kapena kutayika mwadzidzidzi. Zachilengedwe izi zimabweretsa kuwonjezereka kwa mbiri ya vinyo wa aromatics ndi kukoma. Mthunzi umene umagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mipiringidzo ya vinyo umakhudzidwa ndi zifukwa zingapo.
Kodi mbiya ili kuti? Kodi ndi kusiyana kotani kwa m'madera komwe kunachitika ndi thundu lomwe linasungidwa m'nkhalango zosiyana? Kodi zouma bwanji? Kodi adanyozedwa bwanji? Kodi ndizochitika ziti zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi cooperative yomwe inapanga mbiya?
Mtundu wa Mtengo Wotchedwa Oak Winaking
Mitundu iwiri yambiri ya migodi ya oki yogwiritsira ntchito winemaking ndi mbiya ya American Oak ndi mbiya ya French Oak. Komabe, migolo ya Chihungary ndi Slavonian ili ndi zotsatirazi ndi winemakers ena. Mabomba achikopa a ku America ndi otchipa, ali ndi tirigu wambiri ndi matanki apansi poyerekeza ndi mtengo wachi French. Amakhalanso ndi mphamvu yambiri ya vinyo ndi zopangira zonunkhira, nthawi zambiri amapereka mavesi a vanilla ndi mbiri yapamwamba yokongola kuposa chigwedwe cha French. Mtsinje wa French umakhala ndi "golide wa muyezo" womwe umapereka matanki a mtengo wapamwamba ndi mbewu zamtengo wapatali zomwe sizikhala ndi mphamvu zochepa pa vinyo wokhala ndi mchere wambiri kuposa a American barrier koma amadziwika kuti aziwonjezera vinyo Kukhalapo kwa palate komanso zovuta.
Mthunzi wa ku French ukhoza kuyenda mopitirira $ 1,000 piritsi malingana ndi nkhalango yomwe imachotsedwa kuchokera ku America ndipo mtengo wamtengo wapatali umayamba pafupifupi $ 360 ndi pop. Ndi nambala izi mu malingaliro, ndi zophweka kuona mtundu wa ndalama zopangira ndalama zogwirira ntchito m'mabolo awo ndi chifukwa chake mumalipira kwambiri vinyo omwe ali okalamba mumtengowu.
Kawirikawiri wopambana winemaker adzazembera mbiya zatsopano kuti athe kusunga ndalama kuti wogulitsa ndi wogula azikhala oyenera.
Kodi Mgwirizano Wotani ndi Oak "Watsopano"?
Watsopanoyo mbiya, makamaka pamene mphika wa oak udzakhalapo pa vinyo. Momwe mipweya imakhala ikugwera, mbiya za thundu sizikhala ndi zokoma zochepa zopereka vinyo wotsatira. Mwachitsanzo, tenga chikwama cha tiyi, mutseke kunja kwa bokosi, ndipo mutenge m'madzi otentha mukamalowa m'madzi otentha, koma mugwiritsenso ntchito teabag yomweyi nthawi yina kapena ziwiri ndipo mukiti uliwonse wotsalira tiyi ukhale wofooka pa ndiyeso yamakono. Mofananamo, pambuyo pazitsulo zinayi kapena zisanu, mbiya ikhoza kugwiritsidwabe ntchito ngati chigwirizano "koma", koma kuyamwa pang'ono kukuyenera kuperekedwa kwa vinyo. Mudzawona ma vinyo omwe akunena kuti gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a vinyo anali mu "thundu" latsopano, kuti apereke kukoma ndi kuwonjezera zovuta za vinyo, koma kumbukirani kuti magawo awiri mwa magawo atatu a vinyo anali okalamba mumtambo waukulu. adabwereranso palimodzi musanayambe kuika bottling.
Izi zimapulumutsa pa mtengo wamtengo wapatali, pomwe akuwonjezeranso khalidwe la oak ku vinyo.
Mtengo Wotsamba
Pambuyo pa mtundu wa thundu mumasankhidwa winemaker adzasankha pa digesite ya toasting yomwe ili yoyenera kalembedwe ka vinyo. Kuwombera nsomba kungakhale kosavuta, kofiira kapena kolemetsa, ndi chofufumitsa chopepuka chosunga zina za oak zochokera ku vinyo ndi kulemera kwa toasting kapena charring zomwe zimapangitsa kukhala oaky ndi mawonekedwe ovuta kwambiri mu vinyo. Powonjezerapo zolaula za barori, muzowonjezera mphamvu ya oak pa mtundu wa vinyo, fungo, kukoma ndi kapangidwe kake.
Mawu Okhudza Oak Chips ndi Vinyo
Si zachilendo kwa opanga masewera kuti apange mbiya palimodzi ndipo agwiritse ntchito "mphika wamtengo" kuti "nyengo" vinyo. Ziphuphuzi zimadula kwambiri ndalamazo ndipo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pokhapokha kutentha kapena kukalamba kwa ndondomeko ya winemaking. Miphika ya thundu imabwera m'njira zosiyanasiyana ndi zoonetsera ndipo imathandizira kwambiri kutsekemera kwa oak chifukwa chapamwamba kwambiri zam'mlengalenga komanso kukhudzana kwambiri ndi vinyo. Miphika ya Oak imayikidwa mu thumba ngati thumba ndipo kenako "yayima" (mofanananso ndi thumba la tiyi) mu thanki. Zangokhalapo kuyambira chaka cha 2006, kuti ma chips chiloledwa kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito mu Old World winemaking machitidwe.
Oak amagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakupangira mphesa kwa mitundu yambiri yosangalatsa ndi vinyo. Komabe, imodzi mwa njira zabwino kwambiri zowonera zokopa za thundu ndizosiyana ndi vinyo woyerekeza. Chardonnay ndi imodzi mwa mitundu yosavuta kwambiri yopangira chigawo ichi ndikulawa ndi, monga opambana ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito mtengo wamtengo wapatali kuti atulutse zolemba zochititsa chidwi, zomwe olemba ambiri akuyembekezera kuchokera ku Chardonnay. Ingotenga botolo la Chardonnay yokhazikika bwino ndi Chardonnay "wodetsedwa" (omwe amadziwika kuti ndi "ovala" kapena "wamaliseche" Chardonnay) ndipo yesetsani kuyesa mbali imodzi. Ndi mazenera oyenera, muyenera kuona zokopa zazikuluzikulu zokhudzana ndi fodya, zolemba zowonongeka zomwe nthawi zambiri zimawatsogolera. Ndizolembedwa za Chardonnay, mudzawona zipatso zoyera zosiyana siyana - zikhoza kukhala zowonjezera ndi pichesi, apulo kapena peyala, ndi zipatso zotentha ngati zimachokera kumadera ofunda.