Port - vinyo wotchuka kwambiri padziko lonse
Kuwonjezera pa kukhala vinyo wotchuka kwambiri padziko lapansi, Port amapereka mbiri yochititsa chidwi komanso phunziro lofunika kwambiri la geography, onse mu galasi limodzi. Kuti mumvetsetse Port, ndizofunikira kwambiri kuti mudziwe mbiri yake yovuta, komanso momwe izo zilili komanso momwe zimakhalira.
Kusuntha chidziwitso chofunikira pazithunzi zosiyanasiyana (mwachitsanzo, Ruby, Vintage, LBV) komanso mabetti abwino othandizira ndi kuzilumikiza ndi chakudya kumangowonjezera pazithupi za Port Stellar.
Onjezerani anthu ochepa omwe ali ogwira ntchito ku Port ndipo muli okonzeka ndipo mukukonzekera botolo la vinyo wotchuka kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, mphindi imodzi yokoma pa nthawi.
Mbiri ya Port
Kwa zaka mazana ambiri m'madera ovuta kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Douro Valley ku Portugal, Port ndi vinyo wokhala ndi mipanda yolimba kwambiri yomwe imadalira kwambiri mchere ndipo imabwera mumitundu yosiyanasiyana kuyambira ku Ruby Port mpaka kukafika ku Tawnies akale, ndi Late-Bottled Vintage Ports mpaka khalidwe lodziwika ( ndi mitengo ) ya Port Vintage.
Vinyo wamapoto, ngakhale kuti nthawi zambiri amagwirizanitsidwa ndi Portugal, amapereka kwenikweni gawo lina la zopangidwe zake ku England monga mwachindunji ( ndi zokoma ) zomwe zimapangidwa ndi Brits kumenyana ndi France kudutsa zaka za m'ma 1700 ndi 1800. Chofunika kwambiri, vinyo wa ku England amene anagwiritsidwa ntchito ku England chakumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1700 chifukwa cha mkangano wopitirira ndipo anayamba kuyang'ana vinyo wofiira kuchokera ku Portugal, pafupi ndi bendali kuchokera ku Bordeaux (wolemekezeka wotchuka wa chikondi choyamba cha England, Claret).
Iwo anayamba kuwonjezera chidutswa cha brandy ku vinyo akadali kuti athandizire paulendo wobwerera ku England. Kuwonjezera pa mankhwalawa kunapangitsa kuti phokoso likhale lolimba kwambiri kuti likhale lavinyo kuti likhale ulendo wautali pa boti logwedeza popanda kuwononga, komabe linapangitsa vinyo kukhala wokoma kwambiri pamene anawonjezereka msanga mokwanira kuti asiye kuyamwa ndikusiya shuga wotsalira pa mapeto apamwamba .
Chifukwa chake, Maiko amadziwika kuti ali oledzeretsa, omwe amakhala okoma kwambiri, omwe ali ndi mphamvu zowonjezera thupi komanso mimba kusiyana ndi zina zomwe zimakhalabe vinyo. Amuna a tchizi wolemera ndi mavitoni odzaza amadzimadzi amayamikira kuti Ports akugwirana ntchito moyenera komanso amatha kupanga ntchito monga mchere wokha.
Kodi Port
Dera la Douro Valley, lomwe lili kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa dzikoli, ndilo gawo lofunika kwambiri la viticultural kuti likhale ndi mphesa zofiira ndi zofiira zoposa 50 zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga Port. Ziwombankhanga zapakati zomwe zimalowa m'mabotolo a Port ndi Touriga Nacional (zopereka zofanana), Touriga Franca (imapanga mphepete mwazitsamba zamatsenga), ndi Touriga Roriz (mphesa yomweyo yokoma monga Tempranillo ya Spain). Ngakhale kuti mawotchi ambiri amapangidwa kuchokera ku mphesa za vinyo wofiira, pali gulu lodziwika bwino lotchedwa "Port White," monga momwe limatanthawuzira, limapangidwa kuchokera ku vinyo woyera wamphesa. Dzina lakuti "Port" limachokera ku mzinda wam'mphepete mwa nyanja wa Porto, mzinda wachiwiri waukulu ku Portugal, womwe uli pafupi ndi mtsinje wa Douro, komwe kwa zaka mazana ambiri amalonda ogulitsa katundu wotchedwa Portks anayamba ulendo wawo wobwerera ku England.
Kodi Port Made Bwanji?
Phukusi likuyamba mofanana ndi vinyo wina mpaka momwe ntchito ikupangidwira.
Mphesa zimakololedwa kumapeto kwa nyengo yovuta kwambiri mu nthaka yochepetsetsa, yomwe imakhala yolimba pamtunda wa dera la Douro Valley.
Kenaka, mphesa zimakakamizidwa kuchotsa juzi ndikuyambitsa nayonso mphamvu. Ambiri opanga mafakitale akugwiritsabe ntchito miyendo yanyendo, "Ndimakonda mtambo wa Lucy" kunja kwa Lagares (matanthwe akulu kapena miyala yamtengo wapatali) polimbikitsira chipatso, ngakhale zaka zaposachedwapa zawona kubwera kwa opanga mawotchi, opangidwa pambuyo pa phazi la munthu, kupeza malo ofunika kwambiri. Pambuyo popondaponda, mphesa iyenera, yomwe ili ndi madzi onse a mphesa omwe atsopano omwe ali ndi mbewu, zimayambira, ndi zikopa za mphesa zimawotcha masiku angapo mpaka mowa ufike pafupifupi 7%.
Panthawi imeneyi, vinyo wachinyumba amakhala ndi mphamvu yotchedwa brandy kuti abweretse njira ya nayonso yowonjezereka , kwinaku akulandira zipatso zachinyama zatsopano za vinyo, ndi kuteteza shuga za mphesa kuti apitirize kutembenuka kwao mowa mwauchidakwa.
Mphamvuyi idzachotsa shuga zotsalira kwambiri kuposa vinyo wambiri, makamaka mu 100 g / L.
Potsirizira pake, mtanda wa mwana wotchedwa Port umaponyedwa mumtengo waukulu wa oak makamaka kwa miyezi 18 kapena ukalamba. Pa chizindikiro cha chaka ndi theka, ma vinyo aang'ono a Port omwewa akuphatikizidwa ndi ma vinyo ambiri a Port kuti apeze zida zowonjezereka zomwe potsirizira pake zidzatulutsa vinyo wokoma ndi zipatso zofotokozedwa bwino, kukongola kwa mgulu wamaluwa, ndi kubwereza. Panthawiyi, Port yaying'ono imatha kusamutsidwa m'mabotolo kuti akalembere kapena kupitiriza nthawi kumalo osungira malingana ndi kalembedwe ndi kayendedwe kabwino ka phukusi.
Mitundu ya Port
Mwachidule, Port ikhoza kugawidwa m'magulu awiri osiyana: Wood Wakale kapena Botolo Wakale. Maiko akuluakulu a matabwa amakhala okonzeka kukondwera koyambirira, okonzedwa kuti adye akadakali aang'ono. Kukongoletsa kwa botolo, monga Vintage Port, amamangidwa kuti apite patali, kawirikawiri amafuna zaka khumi kapena ziwiri kuti akwaniritse kukula kwathunthu.
Ruby Port
Mitundu ya Ruby, yomwe imatchulidwa kuti mtundu wa ruby, ndi wachinyamata, wolowa vinyo watsopano ndi zonunkhira, zipatso zodzala zipatso komanso maonekedwe a palate. Vinyo awa ndi amtundu wodalirika, ma doko olowera, omwe amapangidwa ndi kusakaniza mphesa ndi zitsamba, zomwe zakhala zaka 3 ndipo zimakonda kwambiri misika ya US. Ruby Ports akukonzekera kuti adye achinyamata ndipo amasangalala ndi mgwirizano wodabwitsa wa zakudya.
Zakudya Zogwirizana ndi Ruby Port: Blue tchizi, chokoleti cha mkaka, ndi mchere wophika.
Oyambitsa Ruby Port: Cockburn, Croft, Six Grapes, Nieport, Taylor Fladgate, Warre's
Tawny Port
Khomo la Tawny ndilo mzere wa vinyo wakale wa mphesa, kusonyeza mtundu wobiriwira wa amber. Tawnies amatha kugona pang'onopang'ono. Monga gombe la tawny limathera nthawi yambiri mumtengo, mtundu wake umayamba kufota kuchokera ku ruby wofiira kupita ku ruby-lalanje kapena "njerwa yofiira," nthawi zambiri amafika pamtengo waukulu wa amber kapena mahogany panthawi yomwe akukula. Pamene ukalamba ukupitirira, kukoma kwa Tawny kudzakhala mchere ndipo zokoma zimakhala ndi zokopa zochuluka za nkhuyu zothamangitsidwa, masiku ndi prunes poyerekeza ndi zipatso zatsopano zomwe zimapezeka mu Ruby Port.
Pazolembazo, zaka zambiri zimatchulidwa monga zaka 10, 20, kapena 30. Zilembo za chaka chino ndizokhazikitsa magulu osiyanasiyana otchulidwa mu Tawny Port blend, osati zaka enieni yomwe vinyo wakhala akulamba. Mawindo a Tawny amabwera m'njira zitatu zosiyana: Colheita, Crusted kapena Indicated Age. Khomo la Colheita limatengedwa ngati Port ya Tawny yomwe imapangidwa kuchokera ku mphesa zomwe onse amagwiritsa ntchito chaka chimodzi cha mpesa. Ngakhale kuti Galimoto yotchedwa Crusted Port ndi yopangidwa ndi unfiltered tawny yomwe imapanga dothi looneka, "kutsetsereka," ndipo likufunikira kuzimitsa asanayambe kutumikira. Mapu a Tawny omwe amapangidwa kuchokera ku mphesa omwe ali okalamba m'zaka zapakati amakhala akutchulidwa ngati Ma Tawny Port.
Zakudya Zogwirizana ndi Tawny Port: Zakale za cheddar, maapulo a caramel kapena pie apulo, zipatso zouma, mkaka kapena chokoleti chakuda, cheesecake, tiramisu, dzungu kapena pecan pie.
Tawny Port Producers: Cockburn zaka 20, Dow's 10 Chaka, Chaka 20 Graham, Taylor Fladgate 10, Warre's Otima 10 Chaka
Malo Opangira Vintage
Malo Opangira Vintage ndi Port yomwe imapangidwa ndi mphesa zosakanizidwa, kawirikawiri kuchokera ku minda yamphesa yosiyanasiyana, yomwe imachokera ku chaka chimodzi cha mpesa. Zakale, Mipesa ya Vintage imalengezedwa zaka zitatu kapena khumi zilizonse. Mphesa yabwino, kuchokera kuminda yabwino kwambiri ya mpesa mu zaka zabwino, bwerani pamodzi kuti mupange Vintage Port yabwino. Malowa amatha pafupifupi miyezi isanu ndi umodzi mu thundu ndipo amapita osapangidwira mu botolo kuti akakalamba. Kukalamba uku ndikumveka kwa zaka 20 kapena kuposerapo! Chifukwa cha ukalamba wautali, mawonekedwe abwino kwambiri a dothi amafuna kuti decanting ndi bwino aeration zichitike asanayambe kumwa. Ngati Ruby Ports ndi Port of entry, ndiye Vintage Maiko akuyimira pamwamba echelon onse mu kalembedwe ndi mtengo. Chigawo chomwe chimakhala cholakwika ndi "Vintage Port" ndizo "Port Late Bottled Vintage" Port (LBV) . Kapangidwe ka Port kameneka kamapangidwa ndi mphesa kuchokera ku mphesa imodzi, koma ili ndi zaka 4 mpaka 6 zokha mu mtengo wa thundu musanayambe kuyika botolo ndi kumasulidwa. Malo otchedwa Vintage Bottled Port amatchuka kwambiri ku UK lero.
Zakudya Zolimbitsa Pamodzi ndi Port Vintage: Blue ndi Stilton tchizi, amondi ndi walnuts, chokoleti ndi chokoleti zochokera mchere komanso otukuta.
Ogulitsa Mafakitale a Maluwa: Cockburn, Churchill, Dow, Fonseca, Graham, Sandeman, Taylor Fladgate, Warres
White Port
Monga dzina limatanthawuzira, White Port imachokera ku mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mphesa ndipo ingapangidwe muzowuma kwambiri mpaka masitayelo okoma. White Port ndiyomwe imabala zipatso m'kamwa ndipo imakhala yowonjezereka kwambiri kuposa ma vinyo oyera. Kawirikawiri ankagwira ntchito ngati chipangizo chowongolera, Port imeneyi yapeza chisomo ngati "gin" m'malo mwake ngati "Port ndi Tonic" pa miyala.
Kusungira ndi Kutumikira Pambuyo
Miphika yamphesa iyenera kusungidwa kumbali zawo, pamalo amdima, ozizira ngati awo omwe amamwa vinyo. Ruby ndi Tawny Ports ali okonzeka kumwa kamodzi kamasulidwa ndipo akhoza kusungidwa molunjika kapena kumbali zawo. Pambuyo potsegulidwa Ports lingathe kukhala tsiku (Vintage Port) kupita masabata angapo kwa Ruby Ports ndi miyezi ingapo ku Tawny Port . Pamene mutumikira ku Port, yesetsani kutentha kutentha pafupifupi madigiri 60-65. Kutumikira vinyo wotsekemera ndi khungu kochepa kumatulutsa zinyama ndikuwonetsa chipatso cha innate ndi zigawo zosangalatsa.
Masiku ano, mapepala osiyanasiyana a Port amatengedwa kunja kwa dziko la Portugal m'mayiko angapo opanga vinyo. Komabe, Maiko awa amadzipangidwira kuchokera ku mphesa zowonongeka ndipo nthawi zambiri alibe zakuya ndi zodabwitsa za acidity zomwe zimadza ndi zoyambirira. Pambuko la Chipwitikizi lenileni limatchedwa "Porto" pakalata la botolo.