Kawirikawiri, "fungo" la vinyo, kapena "mphuno," ndi fungo la vinyo mu galasi. Nununkhira ukhoza kukhala zokongola, zamasamba, zipatso, masamba, nthaka kapena nthano zina zozoloŵera malinga ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mphesa yogwiritsiridwa ntchito, kupambana kwa mphesa kumayendetsedwa ndi kusungiramo vinyo .
Pamene zifika pa vinyo, zonse zimakoma ndi kununkhiza, mphuno ndi ntchito yofunikira. Mphuno yaumunthu imatha kusiyanitsa pakati pa zikwi zamakono zosiyana.
Ndizo luso lathu lomveka bwino lomwe limatithandiza kuti tizindikire mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zokoma zomwe zimaperekedwa ndi sip limodzi. Panthawiyi, lilime limangokhala lokha: mchere, wokoma, wowawa ndi wowawasa. Kuti muzimwa vinyo muyenera kuyesetsa kupeza mphuno kuti mutenge zonunkhira ndi lilime kuti muthandize kuzindikira malingaliro ndi maonekedwe.
Mmene Mungasamalire Choonadi cha Vinyo
Kuti mutenge phokoso labwino kwambiri la fungo la vinyo, mutenge masekondi khumi ndikuyenda mozungulira galasi ndi mphamvu. Izi zimathandiza kuti mowa ukhale wosasunthika ndipo udzakweza zowawa za vinyo kumphuno. Vinyo atakhala bwino atasunthira mphuno yako mu galasi ndikupuma mkati. Kodi ndizovuta zotani zomwe zimabwera m'malingaliro poyamba? Maluwa, zipatso? Ngati chipatso, kumira pansi pang'ono, kodi mumapukuta zipatso zofiira kapena zoyera, zipatso za zipatso kapena zipatso, kapena mwinamwake zowonjezera zowonjezera zachilengedwe? Sungani malingaliro awa ndikuwone ngati akuwonekeranso pazomwe akukongoletsa kapena morph mu zokondweretsa zatsopano pamlingo.
Mafuta a Vinyo Wapamwamba
Mafuta oyambirira ndiwo fungo losiyana lomwe limachokera ku chipatso chomwecho. Mafuta awa akhoza kudziwonetsa ngati zipatso kapena zokongola m'malengedwe. Ndi zonunkhira izi zomwe zimatilola ife kusiyanitsa pakati pa vinyo osiyana muunyamata wawo. Mitundu ya violets, da rose, chamomile, apulo wobiriwira, mandimu-mandimu, mandimu, zakuda ndi zofiira zikanakhala pansi pa fungo labwino kwambiri.
Mafuta a Vinyo Wachiwiri
Ndondomeko ya kuthirira imapanga zonunkhira zapamwamba za vinyo ndipo zingakhale zovuta kapena zokopa kwambiri ndi zosankha za winemaker. Mphamvu yowonjezera pamapenthi apamwamba ndi mthunzi. Kuchokera kugawanika zakudya, mavitamini, matabwa a mkungudza kapena matabwa ena monga nkhuni mpaka vinyo wotsiriza, mphamvu ya mtengo waukulu ndi yomwe imapangitsa kuti apange vinyo wambiri.
Mafuta a Vinyo Wapamwamba
Ngati vinyo akulamba, ndiye kuti mafuta onyenga angayambe kulowa. Kutalika komanso kuwonjezereka kwa ukalamba, kutentha kwa vinyo kumakhudzidwa ndi zonunkhira zapamwamba. Izi nthawi zambiri zimaphatikizapo makhalidwe monga chikho, caramel, toffee, ndi kaka kapena zolemba zochepetsera zomwe zimadalira kwambiri zochitika zapadziko lapansi monga zonunkhira zamtengo wapatali wa m'nkhalango yamvula, bowa kapena zigawo zowoneka ngati veggie.
Zisonkhezero Zina Zabwino
Ngati vinyo uli wofufumitsa ndipo ali ndi zaka zambiri zotsamba zosapanga zosapanga zosapanga kanthu, ndiye kuti ma vinyowa adzawonekeratu ali aang'ono komanso atsopano, odzala zipatso ndipo amatsogoleredwa ndi mavinyo oyambirira. Ngati zili choncho, winemaker ikuyendetsa Chardonnay kupyolera kwa fermentation yachiwiri yotchedwa malolactic fermentation yomwe imayambitsa vinyo imatenga fungo lopaka mafuta.
Zojambula izi zimawonekera mwachindunji m'munsi mwa mphuno ya "maluwa" osati "fungo" chifukwa sakanapezeka mu Chardonnay yomwe siinayambe nayonso mphamvu ya malolactic, njira yomwe amagwiritsiridwa ntchito ndi vintner komanso osati m'mayendedwe a mphesa.