Mmene Mungayambitsire Kampani Yoyamba

Nthaŵi zambiri ndimalandira maimelo ochokera kwa anthu ogwira ntchito kunyumba omwe amadzifunsa kuti angawathandize motani chidwi chawo ndi luso lawo kukhala ntchito. Mwatsoka, zimatengera zambiri kuposa chilakolako choyamba makasitomala anu kapena bizinesi ya chokoleti; monga kulimbikitsa kulimbikitsa malonda, kumafuna ndalama zambiri za nthawi, khama, ndi ndalama. Kuti ndizindikire kuti ntchito yaikulu yotereyi ikukhudzidwa ndi chiyani, ndinapita kukafunafuna candymaker wopambana yemwe akanakhoza kuwonetsa ndondomekoyi.

Art Pollard, yemwe anayambitsa ndi Purezidenti wa Amano Chokoleti, anali wokoma mtima kuti ayankhe mafunso ena okhudza zomwe anakumana nazo poyambitsa bizinesi yayikulu ya chokoleti kuyambira pachiyambi. Werengani kuti mudziwe mmene anayamba kupanga chokoleti (panyumba!), Mavuto ake aakulu, mabuku ndi makalasi omwe iye akuwayamikira, ndipo ndi malangizo ati omwe ali nawo kwa inu, nyumba yoyumba.

Pulezidenti: Tiyeni tiyambe ndi inu. Webusaitiyi imati maziko anu azadongosolo anali mu sayansi. Nchiyani chinakuchititsani chidwi chanu chokoleti? Kodi mumapita bwanji ku chokoleti mumasewera kuti mukhale ntchito ya nthawi zonse?

Art Pollard: Ndinakulira ku Los Alamos, New Mexico, kunyumba kwathu ku Los Alamos National Laboratory. Si zachilendo kukula kumeneko popanda kupeza maziko olimba mu sayansi. Ndi tawuni yokongola yozunguliridwa ndi ponderosa pine ndipo ndikukhulupirira malo abwino kwambiri okula. Ndinapita ku sekondale ku Seattle. Seattle ndi yokha chakudya cha Mecca, ndipo nsomba zabwino zatsopano ndi zokolola zomwe zinapezeka ku Pike Street Market zinkakhudza kwambiri zochitika zanga zowonjezera. Nditamaliza sukuluyi, ndinayamba kampani yaing'ono ya mapulogalamu. Ife timapanga ndi kulemba injini zofufuzira, kapena kukhala ochindunji, teknoloji yeniyeni yowunikira. Makampani ena amatsulo ndikugwiritsa ntchito teknoloji yathu pa mawebusaiti awo kapena katundu. (Zovuta ndizo kuti ambiri mwa owerenga anu ali pa makompyuta awo a kunyumba ndi ntchito zina zomwe ndapanga.)

Pamene ndinali kupita ku koleji, ndinaganiza kuti ndizosangalatsa kupanga chokoleti changa . Ndinauza mnzanga amene ndimagwira naye ntchito ku dipatimenti ya physics. Pa nthawi yomwe sindinkadziwa zomwe zinkakhudzidwa, izi sizinkachitika kawirikawiri. Anandiuza kuti sindingathe kuchita izi komanso kuti sizingatheke popanda masauzande ambiri kapena mamiliyoni a madola mu zipangizo.

Komabe, zimenezi zinandichititsa chidwi kwambiri, panthaŵiyi, sindinayende patali. Pasanapite nthawi yaitali, ndinali ku Hawai'i panthawi yanga yachisangalalo, ndipo ine ndi mkazi wanga tinapeza malo ogulitsa kampani ya ku Belgium. Chokoleticho chinali chokongola. Iwo anali mu mitundu yonse ya mitundu, ndipo atavala chokongoletsera chokongola cha galasi, iwo ankawoneka ngati amtengo wapatali. Panthawiyo, iwo mwina anali malo okongola kwambiri omwe ndisanawawonensopo. Nditamufunsa mayiyo payekha kuti alipira ndalama zingati, iye anayankha $ 2.00. Ndinayendetsedwa. $ 2.00 kwa kachidutswa kakang'ono ka "maswiti"! Ndinali wosauka panthawiyo, nditangophunzira kumene posachedwapa, ndipo kampani yanga ya pulogalamuyi inali ikudumphadumpha. Ndipo $ 2.00 anali ofunika kwambiri kuposa tsopano. Ngakhale zili choncho, ndinayesa $ 4.00 kuti ndipatse ndalama zanga za ine ndi mkazi wanga. Mwamsanga pamene talawa, tonse tinayang'anani wina ndi mzake ndikudziwa kuti ichi chinali chapadera. Ndinagwedezeka. Tsoka ilo, kampani yomwe ine ndinayambira poyamba chikondi changa chokoleti sichiyimiriranso ku United States. Ngakhale zili choncho, nthawi zonse ndimakumbukira nthawi yoyamba yomwe ndapeza kuti bon bonkho sichikhoza kukhala kampu koma chithunzi.

Pamene kampani yanga ya mapulogalamu inakula, ndinayamba kuyesa kumanga chophimba changa cha chokoleti monga njira yopulumukira ma coding pamene ndinkafunika kuchotsa mutu wanga.

Ndinayesera zojambula zosiyanasiyana kuti ndione momwe kamangidwe kameneka kanasinthira kukoma ndi kapangidwe ka chokoleti chomaliza. Pambuyo pake, nditatha kuthamanga kwambiri, ndinabwera ndi kapangidwe kamene ndinaganiza kuti kanagwira ntchito bwino. Ena mwachionekere ankaganiza choncho, chifukwa pasanathe nthaŵi yaitali anzanga ndi achibale anga akufuula chokoleti changa. Sipanapite nthawi yaitali ndinkakhala ndi khodi limodzi m'chipinda chimodzi ndikukumana ndi chokopa chokoleti chochipinda mu chipinda china.

Pambuyo pake, kampani yanga ya mapulogalamu inachita mgwirizano waukulu, ndipo ine ndi bwenzi langa la bizinesi tinaganiza kuti tifuna kuchita chinthu chosiyana ndi windfall. Anatipangira chokoleti, popeza ndinali kale kupanga chokoleti chosaneneka mu makina amene ndinamanga. Poyamba, ndinali wokondwa, kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, ndinali ndi chidziwitso chokwanira kuti ndidziwe ntchito yayikulu komanso kuti pali zifukwa zabwino kwambiri zomwe anthu sanasankhire chokoleti pang'onopang'ono.

Ngakhale zili choncho, nditatha kukambirana zambiri ndi abwenzi anga, abwenzi anga, abambo, ndi oyang'anira, ndinakopeka, ndipo tinachoka.

Pulogalamu yamakandulo: Munaphunzira bwanji chokoleti? Kodi mumaphunzira, mumaphunzira ndi wina aliyense, phunzirani nokha, kapena mumagwirizanitsa zomwe zili pamwambapa?

Art Pollard: Zambiri zomwe ndaphunzira, ndinaphunzira mwa kuyesa ndi zolakwika pamene ndikumanga ndikuyesera chokonza chokoleti changa. Ndinasaka zambiri monga momwe ndingathere palaibulale yanga yunivesite ndikugula zambiri zosavuta komanso zovuta kupeza mabuku. Izi zinandithandiza kuyenda. Komabe, pali kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa kupanga chokoleti pamakampani ogulitsa mafakitale kuti apange mphika wa masenti makumi asanu ndi limodzi pa mtengo wotsika kwambiri komanso kumene ndimakonda kupita. Cholinga changa chinali kupanga bar yomwe inali yeniyeni kwathunthu pa kukoma. Pano, ndinali ndekha.

Nditachita ndondomeko yanga, ndinapita ku Ulaya ndikuphunzira chokoleti ku sukulu ya confectionary. Pano, cholinga chake chinali pa kupanga mafakitale, choncho ndinayenera kusonkhanitsa zomwe ndingathe kuchokera kumaphunziro ndikuwongolera njira yanga. Ndinapanga mabwenzi abwino ambiri ndili pomwepo, ena mwa iwo omwe ndimapitirizabe kulankhulana nawo.

Ndinkapitanso ku Ulaya ndikuyendera masitolo a chokoleti ndi mafakitale a chokoleti. Ndapeza kuti izi ndi zothandiza kwambiri kumbali yanga. Chimodzi mwa zinthu zomwe maphunziro anga ndi kufufuza kwanga sanaphunzitsepo ndizo njira zabwino zothetsera mavuto ambiri omwe amapanga chokoleti pamlingo waukulu. Pali nthawizonse zinthu zomwe simukuzizindikira mpaka mutakhala bwino, ndipo nthawi zina nthawi imachedwa kwambiri. Chidziwitso chimenechi chinali, ndikukhulupirira, chamtengo wapatali kusiyana ndi pamene ndimapita ku sukulu, chifukwa zinali zothandiza komanso zothandiza kwambiri.

Pulogalamu yamakandulo: Ndikamva "fakitale ya chokoleti," ndimapeza masomphenya a Willy Wonka. Kodi mungathe kufotokozera fakitale yanu? Kodi muli ndi antchito angati? Kodi mumapeza kuti makina anu?

Art Pollard: Fakitale yathu ndi yokongola kwambiri. Pakali pano, fakitale yathu ili pafupi 2,000 feet lalikulu ndi chipinda chimodzi. Tangotenga gawo lina mu nyumba yathu ndipo tikugwira ntchito kuti tipeze pepala ndikukonzekera kuti tikwanitse kuwonjezera. Pamene tayamba, tinali ndi malo okwanira oti tipeze chokoleti komanso osakhalanso. Komabe, tsopano kuti ndife okwera ndi othamanga, tapeza kuti tingagwiritse ntchito malo ambiri kuposa zomwe tinakonza poyamba.

Pakati pa makoma, timapanga mapepala akuluakulu a zojambula za maluwa a kakao, mitengo ya kakale, komanso malo osiyanasiyana kuchokera ku maulendo anga kupita ku Central America ndi kwina. Izi zimathandiza kubweretsa mtundu kwa fakitale yathu ndi zinthu zina. Ndimachita pafupifupi kujambula kwathunthu, kotero pali kukhutira kwakukulu pakuwona zojambula zokongola pamakoma ndikudziwa kuti sizinagulidwe koma ndine chilengedwe changa.

Ntchito yathu imayambira ndi kukweza nyemba za koko ku tebulo. Tebulo ili ndi pamwamba pake yomwe imatilola kukweza matumba mumlengalenga kuti titha kuzichotsa mosavuta. Zonse za nyemba zathu za kakale zimayikidwa pamanja pano kuti zitsimikize kuti matumba omwe timalandira kuchokera ku famu alibe miyala, timitengo, ndi zipangizo zaulimi zomwe zingawononge makina athu kapena kulowa mu chokoleti chomaliza. Timapeza zinthu zosiyanasiyana zosangalatsa mumatumba a nyemba.

Kamodzi nyemba zikasankhidwa, timagwiritsa ntchito galasi kuti tibwerere kuntchito yathu. Tinatumizira ulendo wathu wochokera ku Portugal. Ngakhale kuti inapangidwa mu 1962, imatsatira chithunzi choyambirira. Ndipotu, kujambula kuchokera ku bukhu la chokoleti kunafalitsidwa mu 1912 kumasonyeza pafupifupi mofanana. Ndizitali, mamita asanu kuzungulira ndi pafupifupi masentimita mitali. Khomo lalikulu likutsegulira kutsogolo, linakwera pamtunda. M'kati muli malo akuluakulu ozungulira mamita anayi, omwe timakwera nawo ndikuwotcha nyemba zathu. Pamene chivindikirocho chikubisika, sindingathe kuthandiza koma ndikuganiza kuti zikuwoneka ngati Star Star kuchokera ku filimu ya Star Wars. Tikamawotcha nyemba za koko, anthu oyandikana nawo amatha kununkhira fungo. Malo athu amamveka ngati uvuni waukulu wodzaza brownies. Anthu oyandikana nawo amauza alendo awo za malo abwino kwambiri omwe amagwira ntchito.

Makina athu otsatira, makina athu opeta. Ili pafupi pomwepa. Makina opeta amathyola nyemba kuti athandize kusiyanitsa ndowe yamtundu wa nyemba. Makina operekera mbeu amagawaniza nyemba za nyemba (yotchedwa "nibs") ndi kukula ndipo amagwiritsa ntchito pulogalamu yoyeretsera kuti azilekanitsa nthongo zapafupi ndi nsomba zolemera kwambiri. Pamene nibs amachokera mu makina opeta, amagwera mumachubu ndipo ali okonzeka kupanga chokoleti.

Timagwiritsa ntchito melangeur (mawu achi French omwe amatanthawuza kuti "kusakaniza") kuti tipewe nibs zathu mu chokoleti chakumwa. Kwa osadziwika, izi sizikumwa mowa ndi mowa koma zimangowonjezera nyemba za cocoa-zofanana ndi kuphika chokoleti. Tikuwonjezera shuga apa komanso vanila. Ine ndimapereka vanila yanga enieni monga momwe ndimayambira nyemba zathu za koco. Kamodzi nyemba zikafika pamtundu woyenerera, timayika chokoleti mu ndowa zisanu ndikuziika mu makina otsala, mphero.

Mphero ndi makina akulu omwe ma rollers angagwirane wina ndi mnzake, akukankhidwa pamodzi ndi mphamvu zambiri. Timagwiritsa ntchito mphero kuti tisiye zosakaniza zopangira chokoleti kufikira atakhala bwino. Anthu ambiri amazipeza zosangalatsa kuti chokoleti ikatuluka mu mpukutu woyeretsa, siyi madzi koma ndi flakey, ngati utuchi.

Chokoleti yonse itatha kupyolera mu mpukutu, timayika mu conche yathu. Chofunika kwambiri ndi kampani yomwe imatentha chokoleti ndipo imayambitsa kapena imayendetsa nthawi yaitali. Izi zimathandiza kuti mafuta ndi ma asidi osasunthika asungunuke ndipo amatsuka chokoma ndi mawonekedwe a chokoleti. Zina mwazinthu zina zowonongeka zimathandizanso kukonzanso kukoma ndi kapangidwe kake. Kulumikizana ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri, ndikofunikira kuti chitukuko chizikhala bwino. Ndimathera nthawi zambiri ku fakitale pamene tikugwirizanitsa; Nthawi zina ndimadziwika kuti ndikugona pamenepo kuti ndikhale wotsimikiza kuti ndisinthe mofulumira ndi kutentha kwa conche pamene imasisita chokoleti kuti chokoleti chomaliza chili pafupi kwambiri ndi momwe zingakhalire.

Si onse okonda, komabe. Pamene tilumikizidwa kwathunthu, fakitale yathu imakhala yotentha kwambiri. Izi ndi zabwino m'nyengo yozizira, koma m'miyezi ya chilimwe, zikhoza kukhala zovuta. Pamene conche ikuthamanga, zidulo (monga acidic acid) zimasanduka, komanso zimakhala zosavuta. Malingana ndi mtundu wa nyemba, izi zingapangitse maso anu kukhala madzi, ndipo zimatenga nthawi kuti muzolowere. Pomalizira, ndi makina onse, fakitale yathu ikhoza kukweza kwambiri, kotero kuvala kwa chitetezo chakumutu ndiloyenera. Ndikumapeto, ntchito yovuta komanso yovuta. Panthaŵi imodzimodziyo, akatswiri ojambula kalasi zakale akhala akugwira ntchito zovuta kuti athe kupanga ziboliboli zamakono, magalasi, ndi zamkuwa. Chokoleti ndi, ndikukhulupirira, mosiyana ndi mwambo umenewu.

Tili ndi antchito atatu. Awiri a ife timapanga chokoleti, ndipo gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu, omwe tangobweretsapo, amaligulitsa. Ndimayang'anila chokoleti aliyense ndikupanga maphikidwe omwe timagwiritsa ntchito.

Poti tinapeza makina athu, zambiri zimachokera ku Ulaya. Europe ili ndi miyambo ya chokoleti yomwe United States ilibe. Ku United States, masewera ochepa a anthu ambiri alamulira chokoleti kwa zaka zambiri, zaka zambiri. Pa chifukwa ichi, zimakhala zovuta kupeza makina ku United States kupanga chokoleti, ngakhale makina opanga mavitamini ndi osavuta kubwera.

Candy Guide: Zatenga nthawi yaitali bwanji kuti mupange chokoleti kunyumba kuti mutsegule fakitale?

Art Pollard: Ndinapanga chokoleti kwa zaka zingapo kunyumba kwa anzanga ndi abambo ndisanayambe ndikuganiza zopanga chokoleti. Tikaganiza kuti tiyambe kugulitsa chokoleti pamlingo waukulu, idakhala mpira wosiyana. Chokonza chokoleti chimene ndinachimanga mosamala kwambiri chinali chochepa kwambiri. Komanso, cholinga chathu chakhala chopanga chokoleti chodabwitsa kwambiri padziko lonse, ndipo chokonza chokoleti chomwe ndinachimanga mwachidule chinalibe ulamuliro wambiri monga momwe ndinkafunira. Chifukwa chaichi, tifunika kuyang'ana ku Ulaya kuti tipeze zipangizo zomwe tinkafunikira. Zambiri zomwe tinkafuna zinali zovuta kupeza ngakhale ku Ulaya, ndipo kufufuza kwanga kunatenga nthawi.

Ndinakhala nthawi yambiri ndikufufuza makina omwe sangagwire ntchito yokometsetsa chokoleti koma angapangitsenso chithunzithunzi chomwe ndikufuna. Ndikanatuluka kuti ndikayang'ane ndipo nthawi zina ndimayesa. Titapeza makina oyenerera, ntchitoyi idangoyamba kumene. Kuchokera kumeneko, tinkayenera kuitanitsa makina, kukonzanso, kubwezeretsa, kugwirizanitsa kayendedwe ka magetsi, ndi kuyendetsa bwino.

Tinafunikanso kupeza nyumba yabwino. Izi zinkatengera ntchito yambiri yokha chifukwa chakuti nyumba yonse sinali yoyenera, koma pokhapokha titapeza nyumba yomwe timaganiza kuti "yaying'ono," tinayenera kukonzanso ndikuyikonzanso kuti ikonzekere. Zonse mwazinthu, Zinapanga zambiri komanso ntchito zambiri komanso madzulo ambiri. Zinali zachilendo kugwira ntchito tsiku lonse ku fakitale, kenako mubwere kunyumba ndikukhala ndi banja langa. Ana anga atagona, bwenzi langa la bizinesi Clark, ndipo ndimakumananso ku fakitale kwa maola angapo.

Kotero zonsezi, zinatitengera zaka zitatu kuti tiyang'ane zipangizo zomwe tinkafunikira, kukonzanso makina ndikukonzanso malo athu. Ndikukayikira kuti tikanatha kuchita nthawi yocheperako, chifukwa nthawi yambiri yomwe tinkachedwa inali yosadziletsa (monga kukonzanso zipangizo zomwe ziyenera kuti zakhala zikugwira bwino ntchito pamene tinagula).

Pulogalamu yamakono: Pakhala pali nkhani zambiri ndi kutsutsa za momwe makampani a maswiti amayendetsedwa ndi makampani angapo akuluakulu, ndipo ntchito zochepa za mabanja zikugulitsidwa kapena kupanikizidwa m'masamulo. Ndikuganiza kuti monga choyambi cha chokoleti, izi ziyenera kukhala zodetsa nkhawa. Kodi mumayankha bwanji nkhani yodziwa ndikugawa?

Art Pollard: Kunena zoona, kutsutsidwa kwakukulu ndi kovomerezeka. Makampani a maswiti, makamaka posachedwapa, amadziwika ndi kutenga. Tsopano, pafupifupi makasitomala onse omwe amawoneka amapezeka ndi makampani osachepera khumi ndi awiri. Makampani ochepa omwe akulimbana nawo amakhalabe odziimira, monga JustBorn (Mike ndi Ike, Hot Tamales, etc.), koma makampani akuluakulu ndi ochepa komanso ochepa. Tangoganizirani kumbuyo kwa phukusi nthawi ina yomwe mutagula chophikira papepala. Mudzadabwa ndi ndani amene amapanga. Awiri mwa ochita masewerawa sitinagulidwe kale kwambiri, ndipo ndikuganiza kuti izi zidzapitilirapo nthawi yambiri, ndikugwirizanitsa makampaniwo.

Ngakhale zili choncho, pakadalibe malo ochulukirapo m'makampani ogulitsa. Tonsefe tikudziŵa sitolo ya chokoleti ya kumalo kumene amapanga chokoleti cha manja. Pafupifupi tawuni iliyonse ili ndi sitolo ngati iyi, ndipo mizinda yambiri ili ndi angapo. Apa ndi pamene akuluakulu ogulitsa mafakitale sangathe konse kupikisana. Iwo sangathe kusamalira ndi kusamala zomwe sitolo ya m'deralo ikhoza kupereka. Kuwonjezera apo, zida zabwino kwambiri zamtunduwu sizingaperekedwe ndi zimphona za mafakitale ogulitsa mafakitale chifukwa cha ntchito yowonjezera yomwe ikufunika kuti ipangidwe ndi kanthawi kochepa kake ka mankhwala.

Izi zimatsegula chitseko chaching'ono cha confectioner. Momwe timakhudzira, cholinga chathu ndi kupanga chokoleti yabwino kwambiri. Zotsutsana ndi nzeru yanga kuti ndikule kampani kuti ndikhale ndi chinachake chogulitsa. Mbiri yanga m'dongosolo lamapulogalamu yandithandiza kuti ndiziwona zambiri zomwe ndapeza. Ndapeza kuti ziribe kanthu kuti malonda akugulitsa, malonda atagulidwa, chikhalidwe cha chiyanjano chidzasintha, nthawi zambiri kuwononga zomwe poyamba zinapangitsa kampani kukhala yabwino. Osewera ochotsedwa adzathamangitsidwa, akufunsidwa kuti achoke, kapena atachotsedwa, ndipo zotsatira zake ndizopasulidwa miyoyo; ndipo pamapeto pake, khalidwe lidzakhudzidwa. Ndikukhulupirira kuti izi sizothandiza kwa antchito omwe amanga kampaniyo ndipo si abwino kwa wogula amene wapanga ubale nawo. Kompyutesi ya Apple inali ndi mavuto omwewo: kampaniyo inapita kwa zaka zambiri monga kuwonetsera kwa eni eni ndi zofuna zawo zapindula. Steve Jobs atangoyamba kumene, zinthu zambiri zodabwitsa zakhala zikuchitika (iPod ndi imodzi mwa iwo), ndipo matsenga anabwerera.

Ponena za momwe tingapezere mawuwo, yankho liri ndi mawu amodzi: "khalidwe." Pamene tagawana chokoleti chathu ndi ena, adadabwa ndi khalidwe lapamwamba lomwe takhala tikulipeza-makamaka mu nthawi yochepa. Mukupeza anthu omwe sanakonde chokoleti chamdima asanayambe kukonda chokoleti chathu osati kungotilamula ife komanso kuwauza abwenzi awo. Ndikukhulupirira kuti ngati mutha kukwaniritsa luso labwino, anthu adzalandira-makamaka ngati muli ndi chilakolako cholimba cha zomwe mumachita, monga momwe timachitira.

Anthu akhala akusungidwa kwa zaka zambiri ndi zinthu zosawerengeka, ndipo m'mabwalo awa, ochepetsera ang'onoang'ono sangathe kupikisana. Makampani akuluakulu ali ndi malowa ndipo mwina nthawi zonse adzakhala. Komabe, ndikukhulupirira kuti pali malo pamtunda wapamwamba komanso m'misika yamakono yomwe makampani akuluakulu ogulitsa mafakitale sangathe kulimbana. Pali makina ambiri osiyana kuti kampani iliyonse ikwaniritsidwe. Kuwonjezera apo, amayeza kupambana mu matani zikwizikwi, pamene chophimba chochepa chingathe kuyeza kupambana pazinthu zing'onozing'ono.

Chipinda chochepa chaching'ono chili ndi malo okonzekera. Monga momwe mumagwirira ntchito, mukuwona izi mu makampani opanga mapulogalamu, kumene kuli makampani a mapulogalamu aang'ono omwe amapanga zatsopano ndikusuntha makampaniwo patsogolo. Zedi, Microsoft amawasindikiza (kapena amawagula), koma ndi mimbulu yokhayokha yomwe imachokera mu envelopu. Ndipo zambiri zomwe Microsoft angakonde, sizinathetsepo masitolo ang'onoang'ono a mapulogalamu. Ndikukhulupirira kufanana kumeneku kumagwiritsira ntchito makampani ogulitsa.

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