Khirisimasi ikuimira zinthu zosiyanasiyana: ndilo tchuthi lachipembedzo, komanso mwayi wa mabanja kusonkhana, kulimbitsa mgwirizano pakati pa mibadwo. Izi ndizofunikira makamaka m'madera ena a Italy omwe anasiyidwa ndi achinyamata pazaka za m'ma 1960, pamene anthu osagwira ntchito m'madera ena amapita ku mizinda ya kumpoto kukatenga fakitale.
Chimodzi mwa mfundo zazikulu zokhudzana ndikuyanjananso , ndizo , chakudya chamadzulo cha Khirisimasi, kapena cenone , chomwe chimasiyanasiyana kwambiri kuchokera kumalo ndi malo; ku Tuscany ndi Emilia ndi nyama, zomwe zimaphatikizapo zinthu zina, cappelletti (kusintha kwa Modenese pa tortellini ) mu msuzi, ndipo kenaka ndi chophika chophika .
Zakudya zam'madzi zimakhala zopanda pake, ndipo mwina Ziena ndizo zonsezi: panforte, mtundu wochuluka, wopanda ufa, ndi zipatso zowonongeka kwambiri, uchi wosakaniza, zakumwa zonunkhira, zipatso zamtundu, ndi amondi zomwe zimachokera ku nthawi yovuta. Dzina likutanthawuza kuti "mkate wolimba," ndipo limachokera ku mawu akale, otchedwa pan pan pepato , omwe amatanthawuza kuti "peppered" (ie, zonunkhira) mkate, ngakhale kuti mavesi alibe kale ufa uliwonse.
Mbiri ya Panforte
Ambiri amanena kuti ali ndi zaka zapakati pazaka zapitazi, ndipo kuti zinapangidwa m'zaka za 1200 ndi nununiti wachinyamata, Suor Leta. Malinga ndi nthano, iye adapeza chidutswa cha shuga, zonunkhira, ndi amondi pansi pa zonunkhira - mbewa zinali kufufuza mabowo m'matumba, ndipo zopereka zamtengo wapatali zopangidwa ndi amwendamnjira ochokera ku Dziko Loyera zinali zosakanikirana.
Lingaliro lake loyambirira linali kuti asonkhanitse chisokonezo mu thumba ndi kuliyika ilo, koma kutaya kwa mtundu umenewo kunali tchimo. Kotero iye anayima pamenepo, akumenyera chingwe chake ndikudabwa kuti achite chiyani, pamene khanda lakuda linalowa mu khitchini ndipo malingaliro ake anadza kwa iye: Ikani zonse pamoto ndikudzipangira nokoma. Kotero iye anachita; shuga unasungunuka ndipo umathamangitsidwa, mtedza wosakaniza, zonunkhira wosakanikirana, ndi kusunga zonse kuti ugwiritse ku poto, adamupangira uchi, ndiye amondi otsala ndi kuika chisanganizo mu uvuni kuti chiyike.
Anamveketsa zokoma ndipo adakondwera kwambiri ndi iyeyo, pamene kamphaka, yemwe adamukuthira, ndikuti, "Kodi simukulawa?" Amphaka samalankhulana koma Mdierekezi amachita; iye adataya zomwe zili mu poto pa iye ndipo anasintha n'kukhala mawonekedwe ake enieni, ataya utsi wonyeketsa. Panthawi yomwe Suor Berta, Amayi Wamkulu, adafika ku khitchini, fungo lakumwamba la mchere linali logonjetsa mdima wa satana; chokhumba kudziwa chomwe chinali champhamvu mokwanira kuti agonjetse Woipayo, Mlongo Berta analawa zomwe zinatsala mu poto.
Ena amati panforte ndi okalambabe: Mwana wamasiye amene adatsata comet kwa Baby Yesu anayesa kumupatsa chakudya chokwanira chomwe anali nacho m'thumba mwake; Yosefe anatenga, napatsa mbalame imodzi yomwe idakhalira kumbuyo kwake, ndipo inabwerera kwa mnyamatayo, yemwe maso ake anali ndi misonzi podziwa kuti mphatso yake inali yoperewera kwambiri. Kenaka liwu linamuyamika, ndipo atabwerera kunyumba ku hovel komwe adagwirizana ndi agogo ake aakazi adapeza makolo ake, amayi ake akusangalala ndi bambo ake ali ndi zida zowonongeka, pamene patebulo linkadyerera phwando, ndipo mbale zokongola zinakonzedwa mozungulira Zakudya zopangidwa ndi amondi, uchi, ndi zipatso zokhala ndi zipatso.
Ziribe kanthu momwe mukuyang'ana pa izo, pali chinachake zamatsenga za panforte . Kwa zaka mazana ambiri, pakhala pali kusiyana kwakukulu, monga zatsopano zatsopano zinapezedwa kapena zinapezeka. M'zaka za m'ma 1820, Pasticceria Parenti ku Rome adayambitsa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya chokoleti yomwe inali yotchuka kwambiri kwa nthawi, ndipo idagulitsidwa, koma tsopano mitundu yodziwika kwambiri ndi Panforte nero ndi Panforte margherita.
Panforte nero ndi mdima ndipo ali ndi maonekedwe ovuta opangidwa ndi amondi owopsa; izo zimafunidwa ndi akatswiri.
Panforte margherita ndi yofiira komanso yovuta kwambiri, ndi shuga lopanda shuga; Enrico Righi adapanga chophika mu 1879 ndipo adayipereka kwa Queen Margherita, yemwe anabwera kudzawona mahatchi otchuka a Palio ndi Mfumu Umberto chaka chilichonse.
Panforte Recipe
Mapulogalamu ambiri osindikizidwa a panforte zokolola mafakitale ambiri - mapaundi 50 kapena kuposa.
Izi ndi zosamalika kwambiri; chiwerengero cha panforte nero chinachokera ku Il re dei cuochi, chofalitsidwa osadziwika ndi Salani mu 1885, pamene zida za panforte margherita zikuchokera ku maphikidwe achikhalidwe a Tuscan.
Zosakaniza
| Panforte Nero: | Panforte Margherita: |
| Mafuta awiri / 2 ophika chokoleti | Zakudya 1 1/2 (180 g) ufa |
| 2/3 chikho shuga | 1 3/4 makapu a shuga a confectioner |
| 1 chikho zosachepera 2 supuni ziwiri zamatabwa zamchere | 3/4 chikho uchi |
| 1/2 chikho uchi | 1 chikho zosachepera 2 supuni zowonjezera |
| 4 ma almond akuwawa | 1 3/4 kapu yamchere amondi |
| Zakudya 1 1/2 (180 g) ufa | 2 ounces candied citron |
| Mitengo ya mapaini | Ma ounces obiriwira zipatso (malalanje ndi zina) |
| 1/2 supuni ya supuni. sinamoni | 1/2 supuni ya supuni pansi sinamoni |
| Pafupifupi ounces 4 candied citron | Zosintha zonse |
| Nyerere ya gramu ya mandimu | 1 supuni supuni pansi coriander |
| 1/4 supuni ya supuni pansi | Shuga 1 supuni ya confectioner |
| 1/4 supuni ya supuni tsabola pansi |
Mphinda 15 (omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa mgonero; amapezeka kuchokera ku delicatessens).
Mmene Mungapangire Panforte
Mukatha kusonkhanitsa zitsulozo, pitirizani motere:
Sungani mtedza ndikuwombera mopepuka.
Ngati mukupanga panforte nero , panizani theka la amondi ndi amondi owawa, phulani mpumulo ndi mtedza wa pine, kenaka phatikizani awiriwo; Ngati mukupanga panforte margherita kudula mtedza pamodzi. Dyani zipatso zosakanizika ndikuzisakaniza ndi zonunkhira ndi mtedza, kenaka kanizani mu ufa.
Lembani mamitala-inchi m'mimba mwake, poto wakuya ndi mbale.
Pogwiritsa ntchito mphika wamkuwa kapena wolemera kwambiri ndi moto wotsika kwambiri, perekani shuga, uchi, chokoleti (kwa panforte nero ) komanso kukhudza madzi kuti wiritsani. Onetsetsani mosalekeza ndi supuni yamatabwa, mosamala kusunga chisakanizo kuti musamamatire. Pamene mcherewo ukufika pa mpira wolimba, chotsani mphika kuchokera ku chitofu ndikusakaniza chipatso ndi mtedza. Thirani chotsitsacho mu poto, yonyezerani pamwamba ndi mpeni wotopetsa. Kuphika mu uvuni wa 300 F kwa theka la ora. The panforte sayenera bulauni.
Pamene panforte yachitidwa, chotsani poto kuchokera mu uvuni ndikuchepetsanso timatabwa tambirimbiri tomwe tikulizungulira.
Ngati mukupanga panforte margherita , tsani shuga ya confectioner pamwamba pake. Kutumikira ozizira, ndi vinsanto .
Mawu omalizira pa panforte : Amapezeka m'madzi odzola a kunja kwa Siena (ambiri a mitundu ya Margherita) mumitundu yosiyanasiyana, yomwe imakhala yaikulu kwambiri pamtunda wa 1 masentimita ndi masentimita 27. Mwinanso mungapeze mitundu yosiyanasiyana yomwe imakhala yosangalatsa kwambiri m'mazenera a zitsulo za Siena ndi masitolo ogulitsa zakudya, zomwe ndi zomwe muyenera kugula mukapita ku Siena; Ndikukupemphani kuti mupeze Pasticceria Bini, kumbuyo kwa Duomo, mumsewu womwe ukuyenda kupita ku baptistery (kuchoka ku Piazza del Duomo kupita kumanzere kwa tchalitchi).