Zakumwazi zasintha kwambiri zaka zambiri
Tonse timadziwa chokoleti yotentha monga zakumwa zotentha, zakumwa zobiriwira zomwe timasangalala nazo usiku wozizira ndi moto, kapena titatha kuchita zozizira monga kusambira ndi kusewera. Koma kodi munayamba mwalingalira za chiwombankhanga ichi chokoma? Mbiri ya chokoleti ya moto imapita kutali kwambiri, ndipo zakumwa zasintha kwa zaka zambiri, kuchoka ku chimfine ndi zokometsera kutentha ndi zokoma.
Inayamba ku Mexico
Pofika zaka za m'ma 500 BC, Mayan akumwa chokoleti chochokera ku mbewu za kakao zosakaniza madzi, chimanga, ndi tsabola (komanso zowonjezera) -zosiyana kwambiri ndi chokoleti chotsatira chomwe tikudziwa lero.
Amatha kusakaniza zakumwazo ndikuzikhuthula kuchokera mu kapu kupita ku mphika mpaka chithovu chakuda chitayamba, ndikusangalala ndi chimfine chakumwa. Ngakhale kuti chokoleti chakumwa chokoleti chinali kupezeka kwa magulu onse a anthu, olemera ankamwa madziwo kuchokera ku zombo zazikulu ndi mabala, omwe pambuyo pake adzaikidwa m'manda pamodzi nawo.
Kenako Anapita ku Ulaya
Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1500, woyendetsa Cortez anabweretsa nyemba za cocoa ndi zipangizo zopangira zakumwa chokoleti ku Ulaya. Ngakhale kuti zakumwazo zidakali ozizira komanso zowawa, zinayamba kutchuka ndipo zinatengedwa ndi khoti la King Charles V komanso gulu lakumwamba la Chisipanishi. Atangoyamba kumene ku Spain, zakumwazo zinayamba kutenthedwa, zotsekemera komanso popanda tsabola. Anthu a ku Spain anali otetezera zakumwa zawo zabwino kwambiri, ndipo zaka zoposa 100 zisanachitike, nkhaniyi inayamba kufalikira ku Ulaya.
Pamene ilo linagunda London mu zaka za 1700, nyumba za chokoleti (zofanana ndi masitolo ogulitsa khofi) zakhala zotchuka ndi zovuta kwambiri, ngakhale chokoleti chinali yokwera mtengo kwambiri.
Chakumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1700, pulezidenti wa Royal College of Physicians, Hans Sloane, adabweretsa kuchokera ku Jamaica njira yosakaniza chokoleti ndi mkaka, zomwe zinapangitsa kuti zakumwazo zikhale zosangalatsa kwambiri. Ena adagwirizana ndipo a Chingerezi anayamba kuwonjezera mkaka wawo chokoleti; Panthawiyi ankasangalala ngati chakumwa chakumadzulo.
Chokoleti Chotsatira Masiku Ano
Mpaka zaka za m'ma 1800, chokoleti chogwiritsidwa ntchito chinkagwiritsidwa ntchito monga mankhwala a matenda a m'mimba ndi chiwindi komanso chakumwa chapadera. Masiku ano, timangokhalira kumwa mankhwalawa ngati zakumwa zakumwa ndi zakumwa. Ku America, chokoleti chowotcha chimakhala chochepa kwambiri ndipo nthawi zambiri chimapangidwa ndi kuphatikiza madzi otentha ndi mapaketi a ufa, ngakhale kuti mungapeze mitundu yowonjezereka komanso yowona bwino m'malesitilanti ndi migahawa. Maiko ena ali ndi matembenuzidwe awo-Spanish chokoleti chokoleti ndi la taza , chokoleti yamatsuko ya mesa kuchokera ku Latin America, ndi Italy ya cioccolata calda , yomwe ndi yaikulu kwambiri.
Chokoleti yotentha yafala kwambiri ku United States kotero kuti imapezeka pamakina opanga khofi. Phulusa imagulitsidwa m'mapaketi ndi pansalu, ndipo nyumba za khofi nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi chuma chambiri, mochepa kwambiri pazinthu zawo.
Kusinthika kwa Chokoleti
Sipanafike pakati pa zaka za m'ma 1800 chokoleticho chinayamba kusinthika kale. Choyamba, ufa wa kakao unapangidwa ku Holland, kumene a Dutch amayang'anira pafupifupi malonda onse a nyemba. Popeza ufa wa kakale umakhala wosavuta kwambiri ndi mkaka kapena madzi, umalola kuti zolengedwa zambiri zibwere. Kenaka panafika chokoleti monga maswiti mwa kusakaniza batala wa kakale ndi shuga ndipo mu 1876, chokoleti cha mkaka chinapangidwa.
Kuchokera nthawi imeneyo, chokoleti yadziwika kwambiri ngati mankhwala olimbitsa thupi osati mowa.