Mafuta a foie gras ndi air-as-air soufflés sizinali nyengo yabwino ku France.
Old France
Mpaka tsiku la Bastille litasokonezeka mu 1789, azimayi 70 mwa azimayi a ku France anali amphawi ndi alimi osauka omwe zakudya zawo zinali zochokera makamaka pa mbewu. Mkate unali chigawo chachikulu cha zakudya zawo.
Pamene mbewu za tirigu zinalephera mu 1788 ndi 1789, mkate unakhala wotsika mtengo kwambiri moti olemekezeka okha ndiwo angakwanitse kutero ndipo, ngati adawoneka pa tebulo, anali chizindikiro cha chikhalidwe cha anthu.
Popanda zakudya zake, anthu wamba anali ndi njala.
Njala yakuthupi ndi njala ya ufulu, ufulu, mgwirizano (l iberty, kufanana, mgwirizano) ndizo zomwe zinapangitsa kuti Chigwirizano cha French chikhale cholimbikitsa. Pambuyo pa chiwawacho, ambiri ophika ndi antchito, omwe olemba ntchito anzawo omwe anathawa ku Paris anali atathawa, adatsegula malo odyera ndipo adawapatsa zakudya zabwino kwambiri. Tsopano aliyense angathe kupita ku malo osungirako zakudya kapena malo ogulitsira zakudya, amadya chakudya chambiri , ndipo amatha kulipirira popanda kuwononga banki.
19th Century ndi Haute Cuisine
Georges Auguste Escoffier amaonedwa kuti ndi amene anayambitsa zakudya zapamwamba kapena chakudya chambiri cha ku France. Panthawi imene anali ku malo ena ogwirira ntchito ku Europe ndi ku America m'ma 1880 mpaka 1890, adayambitsa ndondomeko yamakono yomwe makhitchini apamwamba amagawidwa m'malo asanu:
- Zakudya zadinda: Ameneyo ndiye mtsogoleri wamkulu wokonzekera mbale zowonjezera.
- Entremettier: Chotupa ndi ndiwo zamasamba zimakonzedwa ndi wophika.
- Rôtisseur: Uyu ndiye mtsogoleri wamkulu yemwe amayang'anira kukonzekera kwa zakudya zowonjezera, zokometsera, ndi zokazinga.
- Saucier: Udindo wapamwambawu umaloledwa kwa mtsogoleri yemwe amakonzekera msuzi ndi ma sauce.
- Pâtissier: Udindo wokonzekera zakudya zamatabwa ndi zamchere, koma osati mkate.
Mwanjira iyi, ndi wophika aliyense akukonza gawo la mbale, zimatenga nthawi yocheperapo kusiyana ndi ngati wophika mmodzi akukonza chakudya chimodzi kuyambira pachiyambi mpaka kumapeto. Choncho, chakudya chingathe kutumizidwa mwamsanga ndipo matebulo amatembenuzidwa mofulumira (ie, ndalama zambiri zikhoza kupangidwa).
Escoffier inayambitsa njira yowonjezereka yopanga mankhwala osakaniza kuti azidyera zakudya m'malo mophimba zokoma. Anatenganso mbale zamasamba ndikuziwasintha pogwiritsa ntchito njira zopangira zakudya.
Zaka za zana la makumi awiri
Nkhondo Yadziko Yonse inalengeza chiyambi cha zakudya zamakono za ku France. Kupititsa patsogolo kayendetsedwe koyendetsa pakati pa zaka zoyambirira za zaka za m'ma 1900 kunafalitsa chuma ndi zakudya za m'deralo zomwe zidasokonezedwa kale.
Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yachiwiri Yadziko Lonse, yomwe idakondwera ndi zokopa za ku Ulaya ndi zakudya, inachititsa kuti anthu azikhala ndi zokopa zambiri zomwe zimawathandiza kupeza chakudya chokwanira pa mtengo wabwino.
M'zaka za m'ma 1960, njira yatsopano yophika wothandizidwa ndi mtsogoleri wa Paul Bocuse ndi ena inagogomezera kuwonjezereka, kuunika, ndi kufotokoza kwa kukoma kwa gulu lodziwika ngati zakudya zatsopano .
Kuphika kwatsopano kumeneku kunachotsa zosafunikira ndi zovuta. Chakudya sichinakonzedwenso kuti chiphedwe kuti chisungire zinthu zambiri zachilengedwe. Kutentha kunayamba kukudziwika ndipo kugogomeka kunali kovuta kwambiri.
Zakudya zazikulu zowonjezeka ndi roux zinapatsidwa boot pofuna mafuta, mandimu, ndi zitsamba zatsopano. Mofananamo ndi zomwe Escoffier adazichita, mbale zakumunda kapena zachilengedwe zinali kudzoza kwa njira yatsopano yophika.
Pakatikati mwa zaka za m'ma 1980, zakudya zatsopano zinkafika pa malo ake odyetserako ziweto ndipo ophika ambiri anayamba kubwerera ku zakudya zopangira zakudya, ngakhale kuti zowonjezera zowonjezera komanso njira zatsopano zinakhalira.
Cuisine cha lero cha French
Masiku ano, zakudya za ku France zimayenda bwino pakati pa miyendo yapamwamba ndi yatsopano. Zomwe zidakali zofanana kuyambira muzaka za zana la 19 ndizo chakudya chabwino chomwe chilipo kwa aliyense, mosasamala kanthu za ndalama kapena malo omoyo.
Malo osokoneza bistros ndi mahoitesi tsopano ali ndi malo ndi a French amamwa ululu kapena chokoleti tsiku ndi tsiku. Ku France, pali wodyera aliyense.
Ndalama zimaperekedwa kwa ubwino, kukoma, ndi maonekedwe a chakudya. Ndizoyera, zowonjezera zachipembedzo, zowona. Chomwe chinali nthawi yodalirika tsopano ndi chinthu cha luso, tsiku ndi tsiku.