Zonse za yisiti - kufotokoza, momwe zimagwirira ntchito, ndipo zimagwiritsira ntchito.
M'dziko lophika, yisiti ili ndi ntchito zosiyanasiyana. Kwa zaka zikwi zambiri, yisiti yakhala ikugwiritsidwa ntchito popanga carbonation ndi mowa, mikate yopanda chofufumitsa, ndi kupereka zakudya zowonjezera.
Kodi Nsiti Ndi Chiyani?
Yilusa ndi nyama yokhala ndi imodzi yokhala ndi mitundu yoposa 1,500 yodziwika. Saccharomyces cerevisiae ndi mitundu yomwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga chakudya. Yeast yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga chakudya imakonda malo ozizira, omwe akukula bwino ndi pH pang'ono.
Momwe Msewu Umagwirira Ntchito
Pogwiritsa ntchito nayonso mphamvu, yisiti imatembenuza shuga mu carbon dioxide ndi mowa. Mankhwala awiriwa amapanga yisiti chida chothandiza kwambiri popanga chakudya.
Mpweya woipa ndi umene umapatsa mowa monga mowa ndi champagne ziphuphu zawo komanso zimayambitsa kukwera mkate . Monga yisiti imayamba kusakaniza shuga mu mtanda wa mkate, mpweya wa carbon dioxide umagwidwa mumsampha wa gluten, kumapanga thovu, ndi kupanga chotupitsa . Mu zakumwa, mpweya wa carbon dioxide umalowetsedwa mkati mwa madzi ndi kukakamizidwa kwa chidebe chosindikizidwa. Pamene chidebe chikutsegulidwa, kuthamangitsidwa kumatulutsidwa ndipo carbon dioxide imayamba kumasula kapena kuphulika.
Mowa, mankhwala ena a yisiti yophika, imatulutsanso panthawi yopanga mkate koma imatuluka ngati mkate umawotcha. Mukamamwa zakumwa zoledzeretsa, yisiti imaloledwa kuthira kwa nthawi yayitali, kuti ikhale ndi mowa wambiri.
Ntchito Zobzalira Za yisiti
- Mowa: Chotupitsa chimawonjezeredwa ku mbewu zowonongeka ndipo zimaloledwa kuyera kuti apange mowa. Mtundu wa yisiti wogwiritsidwa ntchito udzakhudza mtundu ndi kukoma kwa mowa wopangidwa. S. cerevisiae, yomwe imatchedwanso "top fermenting" kapena "top cropping" yisiti, imatulutsa mpweya wotentha kwambiri ndipo imabala zipatso zabwino kapena zabwino. Oyendetsa pansi, monga Saccharomyces pastorianus , akuwotcha pamadzi otsika ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga opangira.
- Vinyo: Chotupitsa chimakhalapo mwachibadwa m'matumba a mphesa ndipo chingagwiritsidwe ntchito kwa madzi a mphesa mwachibadwa kukhala vinyo. Ngakhale kuti yisiti yeniyeniyo imakhalapo, mavinyo ambiri lero ali ndi chikhalidwe choyera (kawirikawiri S. cerevisiae) adawonjezeredwa kuti apange zotsatira zowonjezereka ndi zowonongeka. Pali mitundu yambiri yosiyana ya S. cerevisiae ndipo iliyonse imapanga chisangalalo chapadera mu vinyo watha.
- Mkate: Zolemba zagwiritsidwe ntchito monga chotupitsa chobwezera kubwerera ku Aigupto akale, ngakhale mawonekedwe a yisiti agwiritsidwa ntchito patapita nthawi. Mitundu yambiri imapezeka kuti igwiritsidwe ntchito popanga mkate, monga mikate yatsopano, yisiti, yowuma, yowonjezera, kapena ya yisiti.
- Zakudya Zakudya Zakudya Zakudya Zakudya Zakudya Zakudya Zakudya Zakudya Zakudya Zakudya Zakudya Zakudya Zakudya Zakudya Zakudya Zakudya Zakudya Zambiri Chakudya ndi chitsime chabwino cha mapuloteni, mavitamini a B, ndi mchere. Chakudya chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zakudya zowonjezera zakudya nthawi zambiri zimagulitsidwa monga " yisiti " kapena "chofufumitsa cha yisiti." Zopangira za yisiti, monga Marmite, zimakhala ndi chipembedzo chotsatira chifukwa cha kukoma kwawo kosiyana ndi ntchito zosiyanasiyana .