Chokoleti wakhala chinthu chokondweretsa, chotchuka komanso chothandiza kwa zaka zoposa 2,000. Kuchokera ku maswiti mipiringidzo yopangira milkshakes, khofi kwa mole, ntchito zake zenizeni zophikira pamatope. Ena amaona kuti chokoma ndi chothetsa; ena amanena za makhalidwe ake ochizira. Posachedwapa kuchokera ku yunivesite ya South Australia, adapeza kuti chokoleti chogwiritsidwa ntchito chingathandize kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha matenda a mtima.
Mbiri
Chokoleti imachokera ku mbewu za mtengo wa cacao zomwe zinayambira kumapiri otentha a ku South ndi Central America. Anthu a mtundu wa Maya ndi Aztec anayamba kugwiritsa ntchito mbewuzo powakakamiza kuti azikhala zakumwa zokometsera zokoma, zowawa komanso zowawa. M'zaka za m'ma 1500, akatswiri ofufuza malo a ku Spain anabweretsa mbewuzo ku ulendo wawo wopita ku Spain kumene zakumwa za chokoleti zimakonda kwambiri anthu olemera komanso achifumu. Zaka pafupifupi 100 pambuyo pake, zokoma zodabwitsa - zomwe zinali zodula komanso zolimbikira ntchito - zinaperekedwa kwa olemera m'mayiko ena a ku Ulaya.
Momwemo, inali mafakitale - komanso kukonza makina a coco mu 1828 - zomwe zinathandiza kubweretsa chokoleti kwa anthu onse. Njira zochepa zopangira ndalama zinkathandiza kuti chokoleti ikhale yopangidwa mowirikiza kwambiri. Chiwerengero chinawonjezeka kwambiri pamene, mu 1875, Daniele wa Nestlé a Daniel anayambitsa mkaka wosakaniza kuti asakanikize, kupanga "chokoleti cha mkaka" chofewa bwino. Chakumayambiriro kwa chaka cha 1900 chokoleti chinalipo kwa aliyense.
Lero, chokoleti ndi gawo lolimba la chuma cha msika.
Mtengo wa Chokoleti
Mitengo ya Cacao ndi yaing'ono, "understory" mitengo yomwe imamera pansi pa denga la pamwamba pa mvula yam'mvula kumene imatha kulandira mthunzi wabwino, mthunzi, ndi zakudya. Ntchentche zazing'ono, osati zazikulu kuposa mutu wa pini, wotchedwa midges, zimakhala m'mabwinja a zomera zowonongeka, ndipo zimatulutsa maluwa a mtengo wa cacao, zomwe pamapeto pake zimabweretsa nyemba zodzaza ndi mbewu za cacao 50!
Zimatengera nthawi, maluwa amaonekera pa mtengo wa kakao pambuyo pa zaka zisanu za kukula.
Kuchokera ku Mtengo Kufikira Patebulo Lanu
Ngakhale zopanga zamakono, mbewu za cacao zimakololedwa, kuyaka-masamba osambira a banki- ndi kuuma ndi dzanja. Nkhuku zambiri zimalimidwa ndi alimi m'mapiri a pulaforest pafupi ndi equator ndipo amagulitsidwa kwa makampani opanga chokoleti padziko lonse lapansi.
Kamodzi pamsonkhano wa fakitale, mbewuzo zimawotcha, kenako zimatsegulidwa kutseguka kuti amasule "nibs," zomwe zimapanga chokoleti chakumwa (osamwa mowa wosakaniza ndi chokoleti). Kenaka, malingana ndi mankhwala omaliza, zakumwa zimasakanizidwa ndi mkaka ndi shuga ndi zina za batala, ndiyeno zimakonzedweratu.
Kuphatikizana kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya khokho kumaphatikizidwa kuti apange zokometsera zatsopano ndi zokoma, monga chokoleti chokoma, chokhala ndi chokoleti cha 35 chokoleti, chokoleti chamdima, chokhala ndi 15% mpaka 35% chakumwa, ndi chokoleti cha mkaka, chomwe chili ndi zosakwana 15% mowa. Chokoleti choyera chimakhala ndi mafuta a koco, koma palibe chokoleti chakumwa.
Chokoleti yambiri imachokera ku mitundu itatu ya khola - forastero (yomwe imapatsa 90% ya chokoleti cha padziko lonse), criollo (yovuta kukula koma ili ndi fungo losavuta kuposa lasastero) ndi trinitario (kuphatikizapo forastero andcriollo).
Mwamwayi, nkhuku zambiri zamasiku ano zidakali kukula pa "minda ya dzuwa," yomwe imachotsedwa, minda yopanda ntchito yomwe imapangitsa kukula ndi kubzala nkhuku zambiri kwa nthawi yochepa. Kuchotsa mvula yamvula sikuti kumangopangitsa kuti mitengo ya cacao ikule bwino, komabe imasokoneza mvula yam'mvula. Kuonjezera apo, mitengo ya cacao yomwe imakula pamunda wa dzuwa imakhala yovuta kwambiri kwa tizirombo ndipo imafuna kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo ndi feteleza.
Mwamwayi, ulimi wamakhalango wosatha umapezeka m'malo osiyanasiyana a zinyama. Pali madalitso ochulukirapo kuphatikizapo ndalama zochuluka kuchokera ku mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mbewu, ndalama zochepetsera zochepa, komanso moyo wabwino wautali.
Ubwino wa Zaumoyo
Pali mankhwala opitirira 300 mu chokoleti, ndipo asayansi akupeza nthawi zonse zatsopano zokhudza iwo ndi momwe amagwirira ntchito m'thupi la munthu.
Mwachitsanzo, chipatala cha Mayo, chikupeza kuti chokoleticho chiri ndi stearic acid, yomwe ndi mafuta osalowerera nawo omwe saonjezera LDL cholesterol. Kafukufuku wina wanena za zotsatira za antioxidant za chokoleti chakuda komanso zomangamanga. Chakudya chopatsa thanzi, 1.5 ounkhira omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi chokoleti cha mkaka ali pafupifupi pafupifupi magalamu atatu a mapuloteni, ndi pang'ono peresenti ya riboflavin, calcium, ndi chitsulo. 100 magalamu a kakale ali ndi 13,120 oksijeni yokwanira yogwira mphamvu (ORAC), mlingo wa antioxidant mphamvu. Antioxidants akhoza kuthetsa thanzi lathunthu, kuchepetsa kuyambika kwa matenda ambiri okalamba, kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha khansa zina, kusintha mtima wamtima, ndi zina zambiri.
Zambiri pa Ntchito ya Chokoleti ndi Zoganizira
Malinga ndi kafukufuku wina, anapeza kuti chodya chokoleti chingatilepheretse kukhala okalamba. Kafukufukuyu anayesera kuganiza kuti zakudya zopatsa thanzi (chokoleti) zingathandize kuti anthu azikalamba azivutika maganizo (MCI), zomwe zingaphatikizepo vuto ndi chikumbukiro, chinenero, kuganiza, kapena chiweruzo.
Ofufuza anapeza kuti anthu omwe ankadya kwambiri cocoa flavanols kwa miyezi iŵiri anali ndi kusintha kwakukulu pamayesero ena, komanso kuchepa kwa kusakanikirana ndi matenda a shuga, kuphatikizapo kusintha kwa magazi, poyerekeza ndi omwe adya pang'ono.
Flavanols ndi mtundu wa flavonoid, phytochemical kapena chomera chopatsa thanzi chokhudzana ndi thanzi labwino la kocoa. Flavonoids amapezekanso mu zipatso zambiri ndi masamba; Maphunziro osiyanasiyana amasonyeza kuti flavonoids imakhalanso ndi zotsutsana ndi zotupa, anti-microbial, komanso zotsutsana ndi khansa.
Chokoleti ndi Kuthamanga kwa Magazi Anu
Kufufuza kwa meta, kofalitsidwa mu The Cochrane Library, kuyang'ana pa data kuchokera ku kafukufuku 20 wofalitsidwa zaka khumi zapitazi, ndipo adapeza kuti iwo omwe adadya zakudya za cocaa za Flavanol tsiku lililonse, kwa milungu ingapo, adawona kuponderezedwa kwawo kwa magazi kumataya pafupifupi awiri kapena mfundo zitatu, zomwe, kuphatikizapo zakudya zonse zathanzi ndi moyo wathanzi zingachititse kusiyana kwakukulu ku thanzi lanu.
Ubwino Wambiri Wathanzi Labwino
Kuwunika ndondomeko komanso kuunika kwa mayesero olamulidwa, koyamba kufalitsa mu kugwa kwa 2011, kenako kutsatiridwa ndi kafukufuku wina wofalitsidwa mu American Journal of Clinical Nutrition mu Januwale chaka chino, "anafufuza zotsatira za cocoa olemera flavonoid ndi onse akuluakulu zifukwa zoopsa za mtima. " Zomwe anapeza pofufuza mapepala 24 omwe ali ndi anthu 1106, monga momwe anafotokozera mu Journal of Nutrition, adawonetsa kuti kumwa mowa wa cocoa kunapangitsa kuti magazi apitirize, kutsegula kwa insulini, mauthenga a lipid komanso kuthamanga kwa magazi. Mzere wapamwamba? Zonse zooneka ngati zabwino kwa dongosolo lathu la mtima. Ndipo chifukwa chake, pakhala pali zida zatsopano zokhala ndi chokoleti monga zakudya zatsopano.
Chokoleti cha ubongo wa ubongo
Kafukufuku wochokera ku Yunivesite ya Reading University of Psychology ndi Clinical Language Sciences ku UK adapeza kuti kudya kocoa flavanols kungapangitse mbali za diso ndi ubongo kugwira ntchito. Phunziroli linayang'ana kudya kolimba kwambiri kwa cocoa flavanols ndikuyesa masomphenya ndi phunziro lakumvetsetsa ndikupeza kuti zonsezi zinali bwino.
Kumbukirani
Zofukufuku zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimasonyeza kuti kakale ndi madalitso ochulukitsa thanzi ndikulonjeza kuti akhale ndi thanzi labwino, koma nkofunika kumvetsa kuti sikuti zonse zopangidwa ndi chokoleti zimalengedwa zofanana. Ngakhale chokoleti chonse chiri ndi flavonoids, chokoleti chamdima chochepa chomwe chimakhala ndi cocoo choposa 70 peresenti ndicho kusankha kwanu bwino. Pamwamba peresenti ya kakale, m'pamene pali flavanols komanso antioxidants. Mukhozanso kugula ufa wa kakao kapena wa kakao womwe ungagwiritsidwe ntchito m'njira zosiyanasiyana.
Kuti muwone bwinobwino, kuti mutenge mtima wa cocoa flavanols mungadyeko chokoleti cha chokoleti cha mkaka 33 tsiku! Uthenga wabwino? Kusinthana ndi chokoleti chamdima kumangotanthauza mipiringidzo yokwanira eyiti mpaka asanu ndi iwiri tsiku ndi tsiku. Wink, wink!
Pitirizani kukumbukira kuti shuga ya chokoleti yanu idzapindula phindu lopindulitsa - choncho ganizirani kuwonjezera pang'onopang'ono kokonzedwa ndi ufa wa smoothies, yogate yosalala, oatmeal kapena kottage tchizi, ndipo bwanji osapanga nkhuku, chikhalidwe cha chi Mexican mbale yomwe imaphatikizapo msuzi wopangidwa ndi ufa wa kakale. Kapena mungayese kupanga podding ya chokoleti ndi nthochi yosungunuka, avokosi, ufa wa kakao ndi masiku kapena stevia.
Zonsezi, kudya chokoleti panthawi yomwe ikusinthidwa ndi yoyera, ikhoza kuwonjezera ubwino wathanzi tsiku ndi tsiku.