Kutentha ndi Malangizo Otetezeka Ophika ndi Kukonza Chakudya
Kutentha koyenera kuphika sing'onoting'ono -sadziwika kwambiri ndi 130 ° F - 135 ° F. Komabe, malingana ndi foodsafety.gov, ng'ombe, mwanawankhosa, ndi nkhumba ziyenera kuphikidwa mpaka 145 ° (kapena pamwamba, ngati mukufuna). Nyama ya nkhuku iyenera kuphikidwa mpaka 160 ° F. Gulu la nkhuku liyenera kuphikidwa mpaka 165 ° F. Mazira okonzedwa bwino ayenera kutenthedwa mpaka 140 ° F.
Kumbukirani, kutentha kwapafupi pa tchatipa pansipa kuti zosavuta ndi zowoneka-zosaoneka nyama sizivomerezedwa ndi USDA.
| Nyama | Kutentha |
|---|---|
| Nyama / Ng'ombe | |
| Kawirikawiri | 120 ° F - 125 ° F (48.9 ° C kufika 51.6 ° C) |
| Zomwe zili zosawerengeka | 130 ° F - 135 ° F (54.4 ° C mpaka 57.2 ° C) |
| Zamkatimu | 140 ° F - 145 ° F (60 ° C mpaka 62.8 ° C) |
| Pakatikati-bwino | 150 ° F - 155 ° F (65.5 ° C mpaka 68.3 ° C) |
| Mwachita bwino | 160 ° F (71.1 ° C) ndi pamwambapa |
| nkhosa | |
| Kawirikawiri | 135 ° F (57.2 ° C) |
| Zomwe zili zosawerengeka | 140 ° F - 150 ° F (60 ° C mpaka 65.5 ° C) |
| Zamkatimu | 160 ° (71.1 ° C) |
| Mwachita bwino | 165 ° (73.9 ° C) ndi pamwambapa |
| Nkhuku | |
| Nkhuku | 165 ° F - 175 ° F (73.9 ° C mpaka 80 ° C) |
| nkhukundembo | 165 ° F - 175 ° F (73.9 ° C mpaka 80 ° C) |
| Nkhumba | 145 ° F (62.8 ° C) |
| Hamu, Wophika Kwambiri (kuti abwezeretsenso) * | 140 ° F (60 ° C) |
| Nyama za nkhuku | 165 ° F (73.9 ° C) |
| Nyama Yam'madzi | 160 ° F (71.1 ° C) |
| Mazira ndi Zakudya za Mazira | 160 ° F (71.1 ° C) |
| Casseroles | 160 ° F (71.1 ° C) |
| Kupukuta, Kuvala | 165 ° F (73.9 ° C) |
| Reheated Leftovers | 165 ° F (73.9 ° C) |
| Kusungira Kutentha kwa Zakudya Zophika | 140 ° F (60 ° C) |
Zakudya Zophika ndi Malo Ophika
Kutentha konse pakati pa 40 ° F (4.4 ° C) ndi 140 ° F (60 ° C) kumatengedwa kuti ndi "malo oopsa" a chakudya. Ngati chakudya chatsala m'dera loopsya kwa nthawi yayitali, mabakiteriya owopsa akhoza kukula kufika pazomwe zingayambitse matenda.
Musasiye chakudya kuchokera m'firiji kwa maola oposa awiri. Ngati kutentha kuli pamwamba pa 90 ° F (32.2 ° C), osaposa ora limodzi.
Sungani chakudya chophika chophika pa 140 ° F (60 ° C) ngati simutumikira nthawi yomweyo. Kapena, ngati mutumikira kalembedwe. Ochepa ophika , ophikira mbale, ndi zotentha zotentha ndi zabwino kuti asunge chakudya chotentha, kapena gwiritsani ntchito chofunda chofunda kutentha kapena malo otentha a uvuni (nthawi zambiri pakati pa 150 ° F (65.5 ° C) ndi 200 ° F (93.3 ° C ).
Sungani chakudya chozizira pa 40 ° F (4.4 ° C). Mafiriji ambiri amakhala osasunthika 45 ° - onetsetsani kuti muwone kutentha kuti mutsimikizire chitetezo cha chakudya.
Ikani zotsalira m'makina osaya kotero kuti azizizira mofulumira. Ayenera kukhala firiji pa 40 ° F (4.4 ° C) kapena pansipa mkati mwa maola awiri.
Bwezerani zakudya mpaka kutentha kwapakati pa 165 ° F (73.9 ° C), kapena mpaka kutentha. Mukamagwiritsira ntchito microwave kuti mubwezeretsenso zotsalira, zindikirani chidebecho ndikusinthasintha kotero kuti zidzatenthedwa mofanana.
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