Phunzirani Momwe Momwe Kafi Imapangidwira ndi Mitundu Yosiyanasiyana
Khofi ndi chakumwa choledzeredwa chochokera ku mbewu yokazinga, kapena "nyemba," ya chomera cha khofi. Mbewu ya khofi ndi shrub yobadwira ku madera akumidzi a Africa ndi Asia, ngakhale kuti mbewu tsopano ikulima ku Central ndi South America.
Mbewu za khofi zikakololedwa, thupi limachotsedwa ndi kutayidwa, kusiya mbewu yokha. Musanayambe kukolola nyemba muli mtundu wofiirira ndipo imatchedwa khofi wobiriwira.
Chifukwa nyemba zimakhala zitsulo zokhazikika panthawiyi, zimagulitsidwa ndi kutumizidwa zobiriwira.
Mitundu Yamitundu ya Kafi ndi Mitundu
Nyemba za khofi zimasiyana mu kukula, mawonekedwe, mtundu ndi zokometsera malingana ndi dera komanso momwe iwo anakulira. Mitundu yambiri yamasewera ndi mafuta osiyana pakati pa mitundu yosiyana siyana ndi yowonjezereka monga vinyo wambiri wopezeka m'minda yosiyanasiyana ya mpesa. Ndi bwino kuyesa ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana yosiyanasiyana kuti mupeze nyemba zoyenera bwino m'kamwa mwanu.
Mitundu yambiri ya m'deralo idzagwera m'magulu awiri, Robusta kapena Arabia.
- Arabica: Khofi ya Arabica imatengedwa kuti ndi yopambana ndi Robusta chifukwa cha kukoma kwake kosavuta komanso kuchepa kwa acidity. Zomerazi zimakula pamtunda wapamwamba ndipo zingakhale zovuta komanso zosafunika kukula. Mitengo yambiri yogwira ntchito, yotsika mtengo imabereka nyemba yaikulu yomwe imagulitsa mtengo wapamwamba.
- Robusta: Khofi ya Robusta imakhala ndi kukoma kosavuta komanso kosautsa kuposa Arabica komanso ma apamwamba a caffeine. Robusta ikhoza kukulira pamtunda, m'madera otentha, komanso popanda chinyezi. Chifukwa Robusta ali ndi zoletsera zochepa zomwe zikukula ndipo nthawi zambiri zimakhala zosangalatsa kwambiri, zimagulitsidwa mtengo wotsika kusiyana ndi nyemba za Arabia. Mitengo yambiri yogulitsa malonda ndi ya Robusta zosiyanasiyana .
Zophika za Kafi
Kukonzekera nyemba zobiriwira za khofi kuti zikhale mowa, ziyenera kuyambidwa. Nyemba za khofi zimawotcha ndi kutentha kowuma ndipo nthawi zonse zimakhala zovuta kuti zitsimikizidwe ngakhale kutentha. Mitundu yambiri ya ma roti imasiyanasiyana kuchokera ku golide wofiirira kwambiri mpaka ku mdima, kuoneka wakuda. Kuthetsa nthawi yokazinga kumakhudza kwambiri kukoma, kununkhira, ndi mtundu wa khofi yoyengedwa.
Ngakhale kuti pali zowonongeka zambiri, zikhoza kugawidwa m'magulu atatu: kuwala, sing'anga, ndi mdima.
- Kuwala: Kuwala kumawala kumapatsa osowa kwambiri, osasunthika ndipo nthawi zambiri amakhala ovuta. Chifukwa chakuti kununkhira kochepa kokha, kukoma koyambirira kwa nyemba kumaloledwa kuwonekera. Nyemba zapamwamba kwambiri kapena mitundu yosiyanasiyana yomwe ili ndi maonekedwe abwino nthawi zambiri amawotcha kuwala kuti alowetsere kukoma kwapachiyambi. Nyemba izi zidzawoneka zouma, monga nyemba sizinawotchedwe mpaka pamene mafuta achotsedwa. Kuwala kumaphatikizapo: Kaminoni, American, Half-City, ndi New England Roasts.
- Zamkatimu: nyemba zokazinga zamkati zimakhala ndi chokoleti, mtundu wouma, ndi zokwanira. Nyembazi zidzakhala ndi asidi ochepa kusiyana ndi nyemba zoyaka zowonongeka ndi kukoma kokoma kwambiri. Chifukwa cha kukoma kwabwino ndi acidity, ichi ndi chowotcha kwambiri pamsika waukulu wa khofi. Miyendo yambiri yamkati imadziwikanso ndi Mzinda Wonse, Chakudya Cham'mawa, kapena Chakudya Chokhazikika.
- Mdima: Khofi yokazinga yamdima yophikidwa mpaka shuga ayamba kudwalitsa ndipo mafuta amayamba kukwera pamwamba pa nyembazo. Malinga ndi mdima wa zotsekemera, nyemba zimakhala ndi mchenga pang'ono kapena maonekedwe a mafuta. Zakudya za nyemba zakuda ndizolimba, zimasuta, ndipo nthawi zina zimakhala zokometsera. Kukoma koyambirira kwa nyemba kukugonjetsedwa ndi kununkhira kokazinga ndipo chotero nyemba zabwino zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa mdima wandiweyani. Ngakhale kuti mizere imeneyi ili ndi asidi otsika kwambiri, nthawi zambiri amafotokozedwa kuti ndi owawa. Miyendo yomwe imagwa pakati pa mdima ndi French, Viennese, Italian, ndi Espresso.
- Zokonzera: Kuti akwaniritse mbiri yodabwitsa yamakono, ambiri amatha kupanga chizoloŵezi cha nyemba zokhala ndi magawo awiri kapena ocheka kwambiri. Izi zimapereka utsi wambiri ndi zovuta zomwe sungakhoze kuzipeza ndi chowotcha chimodzi.
Caffeine ndi Decaffeination
Kafi mwina ndi yamtengo wapatali kwambiri chifukwa cha mankhwala a caffeine. Mafuta a khofi mu khofi amasiyana kwambiri malinga ndi mtundu wa nyemba zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito komanso njira yopangira mowa. Ngakhale kuti caffeine yambiri imachotsedwa panthawi ya decaffeination, tsatanetsatane akhoza kukhalabe. Mchitidwe wapadziko lonse wa decaffeination umafuna kuti 97 peresenti ya caffeine ichotsedwe ku khofi ya decaffeinated pamene malamulo a European Union amafunika zosachepera 99.9 peresenti kuti achotsedwe.
Njira zambiri zochepetsera tizilombo zimatsatira mfundo imodzi yofanana: nyemba zimadonthozedwa m'madzi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda (komanso mankhwala ena omwe amachititsa kukoma) kuti tipewe nyemba.
Madzi otengedwawo amatha kupyolera mu fyuluta kapena osakaniza ndi zosungunulira kuchotsa kokhafewa ndi kusiya mankhwala ena opindulitsa. Zakudya zopanda thanzi, zapakhofi zosakwanira ndizomwe zimayambitsidwanso ku nyemba kuti zilowetsere kuti ayambe kubwezeretsedwa.
Swiss Water Method yadziwika kwambiri m'zaka zaposachedwa chifukwa imagwiritsa ntchito madzi okha kuchotsa caffeine koma ndondomeko ndi yaitali komanso yovuta. Mavitamini ena omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mankhwalawa ndi carbon dioxide, ethyl acetate, kapena triglycerides. Njira iliyonse ili ndi ubwino wake ndi kuipa kwake kuphatikizapo mtengo, nthawi, ntchito, ndi zotsatira pa kukoma kotsiriza.
Kafukufuku akuchitidwa kuti apange zomera za khofi zomwe ziribe vuto la jini ya caffeine synthase ndipo sichimabala khofi. Izi zidzathetsa kufunika kwa njira ya decaffeination ndipo sizidzangowonjezera ndalama koma zidzasungiranso kukoma koyambirira kwa nyembazo.
Kusunga Kafi
Kusunga bwino khofi kumakhudza kwambiri kapu ya chikho. Adani a khofi amakondweretsa monga kutentha, mpweya, kuwala, ndi chinyezi. Kawirikawiri khofi ya malonda lero imagulitsidwa pamatumba osindikizidwa omwe ali ndi njira imodzi yokha kuti mafunde asathere pamene akusunga oksijeni. Pomwe chisindikizo chikwama chikasweka, chisamaliro chowonjezera chiyenera kuthandizidwa kuti nyemba zisinthe mwatsopano.
Kunyumba, nyemba za khofi ziyenera kusungidwa mu chidebe chotsitsimutsa pamalo ozizira, amdima, ndi owuma. Ngakhale kuti anthu ena amalimbikitsa kusungira nyemba za khofi mufiriji kapena firiji, izi zimatha kuwonetsa vuto ndi kutulutsa mpweya, kuchuluka kwa chinyezi, ndi kuyamwa kwa zokoma.
Pambuyo pokawotcha kapena pokhapokha chidindo chidasweka pa thumba losungunuka, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito nyemba mkati mwa masabata awiri. Pa chifukwa chimenechi, zogula kuchuluka kwa khofi zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito mkati mwa masabata awiri kuti mukhale osangalala komanso kukoma.
Tsopano kuti ndinu katswiri wa khofi, momwe zimapangidwira, ndi momwe ziyenera kusungidwira, mwakonzeka kufalitsa.