Kodi PFOA imakhala mu mapepala osatetezedwa?
Kuphika kuphika kulikonse, makamaka ophika mafuta ochepa, akudalira pansani zopanda nsapato monga njira yabwino kuphika kapena kuphika chakudya, kuchokera ku ma omelets ndi sauces kuti apange mikate ya Bundt yokongola, osakhala ndi chotsitsa chachikulu chotsatira.
M'dziko la mafuta ophika ochepa, makamaka, mapepala osatetezeka ndi ofunikira, chifukwa amafuna mafuta pang'ono kapena opanda kuphika. Koma osati nthawi yoyamba, pali mafunso ambiri okhudzana ndi chitetezo cha ophika ophika, makamaka chifukwa cha nkhalango zachilengedwe za perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), yomwe imadziwika kuti C-8-mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti agwirizane ndi malaya osakanikirana.
PFOA (C-8) ndi DuPont
Kumayambiriro kwa chaka cha 2006, Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) inapempha makampani asanu ndi atatu a ku America, kuphatikizapo DuPont, wopanga matepi ophikira mapepala a Teflon, kuti agwire ntchito yochotseratu PFOA-yomwe idatchulidwa kuti ndi khansa.
PFOA yawonetsedwa chifukwa cha khansa, kutsika kochepa thupi komanso kutetezedwa kwa chitetezo cha mthupi m'matumba a ma laboratory omwe amatha kukhala ndi mphamvu za PFOA.
Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti mankhwalawa amakhalapo pamunsi mwazidzidzi mwa 9 mwa khumi a ku America, komanso m'magazi a ana ambiri obadwa kumene. Ndipo ngakhale kuti zotsatira za PFOA pazitsulo zochepa mwa anthu zimatsutsana, zikuwoneka kuti pali mgwirizano pakati pa PFOA ndi kukula kwa kolesterolini.
Chofunika kwambiri, anthu ena amanena kuti PFOA imawombetsa ana obadwa kwa amayi omwe amagwira ntchito ku chomera cha Teflon kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1980.
Momwe mankhwalawa amafalikira kwa anthu ndi osamveka ndipo, pakadali pano, palibe umboni wosonyeza kuti zophikira zopanda nsapato, makamaka, ndizolakwa.
Koma DuPont wakhala ali ndi tsitsi la EPA kwa nthawi ndithu ndipo analipira ndalama zambiri chifukwa chodzibisa deta kwa zaka zambiri za poizoni wa PFOA, komanso pofuna kuipitsa madzi a mumtsinje wa Ohio pafupi ndi West Virginia.
Kumverera Kutentha
Bwererani ku mapepala osatetezedwa. DuPont ndi EPA amati ophika alibe chodandaula ngati amagwiritsa ntchito mapepala ophika osatetezedwa bwino.
Pali kutsutsana kwakukulu komwe, pamwamba pa kutentha-kutenthetsa kuposa utsi wa utsi wa mafuta ophika kapena malo omwe chakudya chimatenthedwa-chovala chosasunthika chidzasweka ndi kumasula utsi wa poizoni. Malo aliwonse omwe ali pansi pa kutentha kwakukulu amachotsa mpweya woopsa.
Malingana ndi DuPont, chophika chophimba ndi tetiro ya teflon yosakanizidwa chimakhala ndi kutentha kwapamwamba kwa 500 F ndipo kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa chobvalacho chidzachitika pokhapokha kutentha kutapitirira pafupi 660 F, zomwe zingatheke mosavuta ngati mapiko osatsekedwa atasiyidwa kapena opanda kanthu kutentha zotentha.
Magazini ya Cook's Illustrated (kugwirizanitsa ndi kubwereza kokha) inanenapo za mayesero a zikopa zosatetezedwa mu May / June 2005 ndikupeza kuti kutentha kotereku kungafikiridwe mwa kuphika zakudya zina kutentha kwambiri.
Nthaŵi zambiri, kutentha kwapamwamba kumalembedwanso kwachiwiri kapena ziwiri, kugwa ndi madigiri 200 pamene chakudya chinasunthira kuzungulira poto.
Mu 2003 bungwe la Environmental Working Group (EWG) linanena kuti zophimba zopanda nsalu "zimatha kufika madigiri 700 F m'miyezi 3 mpaka 5, kutulutsa mpweya 15 ndi mankhwala, kuphatikizapo khansa ziwiri."
Kutulutsa nkhuni zoopsa kuchokera ku mapepala ophika osatetezedwa kumadziwika kuti kupha mbalame zazing'ono pamtunda wotentha kwambiri-mpaka 464 F, malinga ndi EWG.
Nonstick Cookware ndi PFOA
Koma pamene PFOA imagwiritsidwa ntchito poyanjana ndi chophimba chophimba chophimba, DuPont imanena kuti mankhwalawa amatha kuwonongeka mukutentha kwapangidwe, ndipo sichipezeka pamtambo wotsika.
Tsatanetsatane wa PFOA anapezeka, komabe, pakuyesedwa koopsa kwambiri kumene mapangidwe a mapeyala amatha, koma masiku ano mapepala ophimbidwa osasunthika ndi olimba kwambiri kuposa kale lonse ndipo amatha kupirira kusamalira mosamala kwambiri kuposa mibadwo yakale yophika mapepala opanda pake.
Gwirani Ndi Kutsika Kwachisawawa
Pali nkhani ziwiri apa:
- Kaya PFOA ili m'zipangizo zophika
- Kuchokera kwa PFOA ku chilengedwe
Malinga ndi zophikira zophika, zikuwoneka kuti sizing'onozing'ono kuti tisiye mapepala ndi mapeyala athu osatetezedwa. Muzogwiritsiridwa ntchito, mapeniwo amakhala otetezeka.
Malinga ndi DuPont, ndi makampani ena a makampani ', udindo wa chilengedwe, zikuwoneka kuti kuchitapo kanthu koyenera kuti zitsimikizo za mphotho za PFOA zikhale zonse koma zichotsedwe mkati mwa zaka 10.
Kaya kugwiritsa ntchito PFOA mu zobvala zopanda nsalu ndi zinthu zina zidzathetsedweratu patapita nthawi, ngakhale kuti makampani kuphatikizapo DuPont akuti akuyang'ana njira zina zabwino.
Kugwiritsa Ntchito Chophimba Chophimba Chophimba Mosamala
- Musalole mapeyala osatsekedwa osasungidwa pamoto wotseguka kapena malo ena otentha.
- Pamene mukuphika, musalole kuti kutentha kukhale kotentha kuposa 450 F.
- Musagwiritse ntchito zida zitsulo pazitsulo zopanda phokoso.
- Sambani mapepala osakaniza opanda dzanja pogwiritsira ntchito oyeretsa osasakaniza ndi masiponji (musagwiritse ntchito ubweya wa chitsulo).
- Musati muikepo chophimba chophimba chophimba pamwamba pa wina ndi mzake.
- Sungani mbalame zazing'ono kuchokera kunja kwa khitchini.