Kupha poizoni sikuyenera kukhala pa menyu
Musanaphike nyama, mtundu uliwonse wa nyama, muyenera kupeza kuti kutentha kwa mkati kuyenera kufika kuti nyama idye bwino.
Mafunde Otetezeka
Zakudya siziyenera kuchitika pa kutentha pakati pa 40 ndi 140 F. Ndichifukwa chakuti mabakiteriya ambiri adzakondwera kubereka mwachoncho. Zimabereka pang'onopang'ono, ngati pansi, pansi pa F 40 ndi pamwamba pa 140 F. Koma onani, kutentha kumene mabakiteriya amafa amasiyana mofanana ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
Mwachitsanzo, salmonella imaphedwa ndi kutentha kwa 131 F kwa ola limodzi, madigiri 140 a theka la ora, kapena kutentha kwa 167 F kwa mphindi 10. Pankhani yowononga tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, zonsezi zimatentha kwambiri komanso nthawi imakhudzidwa.
Palinso vuto la kumene kuipitsidwa kumapezeka. E-coli amakhala m'matumbo a nyama - osati thupi. Ndipo ngozi ndi yakuti pakupha ng'ombe kapena nkhuku, zina mwa zomwe zili m'matumbo zimatha kuipitsa thupi. Ichi ndi chifukwa chake zimakhala zotetezeka kuti zifufuze kutentha kwambiri ndipo zimadyabe zosawerengeka kapena zosawerengeka (125 mpaka 135 F). Ichi ndi chifukwa chake nyama yonse iyenera kuphikidwa ku madigiri 160 - chifukwa thupi la thupi ndi thupi la mkati zimasakanizika panthawi yopuma.
Trichinosis, yomwe imakhala ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda osati tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, imakhala mkati mwa minofu ndipo imatulutsa kunja kwa, kunena kuti, nkhumba ya nkhumba siidzapha nyama iliyonse, ngakhale kuti idzalawa bwino.
Trichinosis imaphedwa pa 135 F, choncho ndibwino kudya nyama ya nkhumba ngati yophikidwa ku 140 kapena 145 F. Salmonella nthawi zina ikhoza kukhala nyama ya nkhuku, choncho kuphika nkhuku ndi Turkey pafupifupi 160 F ndi nzeru. Salmonella ikhoza kukhalanso mazira ndipo pamakhala chiopsezo ndi mazira ophika, omelets, ndi mazira ophwanyika ngati mbali iliyonse ya dzira imasiyidwa, ngati yolk.
Ndibwino kuphika nyama ndi ndiwo zamasamba kutentha kwa nthawi yaitali kapena kutentha kwa nthawi yayifupi. Ndipo nthawi zambiri nthawi zonse zimakhala zotetezeka kufunafuna nyama pamwamba pa kutentha kwambiri musanaphike. Pakati pa kutentha kwakukulu kokophika pamatumbo ndi ubweya, ndibwino kuti muwonetsetse nyama yoyamba pamsana-kutentha kwakukulu - pafupifupi 350 F - ndiyeno muzitsatira kophika kokwera kutentha kwa nthawi yaitali.
Chowopsa cha poizoni
Koma kutentha kokha siko kokha kokha pofuna kuteteza chakupha chakudya. Palinso poizoni. Mabakiteriya ena amakhala oopsa kwambiri kuposa ena, ndipo ena poizoni amakhala mozungulira mabakiteriya atamwalira. Anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi ma chitetezo abwino amateteza salmonella kapena listeria ndipo machitidwe awo adzawapha popanda kuwazindikira. Komabe, poizoni amapezeka kwambiri ndi owopsa, ndipo ngakhale mlingo wawung'ono wa mabakiteriya ukhoza kukhala ndi zotsatira zabwino. Botulism imapezeka makamaka muzinthu zopangidwa ndi zamzitini koma ikhoza kuwonetsedwanso mu soseji . Musalole kutenga mwayi pa chinthu chomwe chingakhale ndi botulism.
USDA Zotetezera Zakudya Zakudya
Ngati mukufuna kukhala otetezeka kwambiri, tsatirani USDA zokhudzana ndi chitetezo cha zakudya ndikuphika chirichonse mpaka madigiri 160 F.
Komanso, musatenge chakudya chokwera pansi pa 140 F, ndi chakudya chozizira kuti mupange firiji mofulumira mpaka madigiri 40.