Liwu la vinyo la ku Italy limaphatikizapo chidziwitso china: dzina la winery, mwinanso dzina la munda wamphesa umene unabzala mphesa, mpesa (chaka chomwe vinyo anapangidwa), kapena mwina chidule (mwachitsanzo, DOC, DOCG) kapena mawu (Vino da Tavola) omwe amasonyeza gulu.
Kodi munayamba mwadzifunsa kuti DOC ndi chiyani, ndipo zimasiyana bwanji ndichitsanzo, Vino da Tavola?
Magulu anai akulu a vinyo wa ku Italy, ndi zilembo zawo zofanana ndi izi:
- Vino da Tavola (VdT)
- Vino a Indicazione Geografica (IGT)
- Vino ndi Denominazione di Origine Controllata (DOC)
- Vino ndi Denominazione di Origine Controllata e Garantita (DOCG)
Vino da Tavola (VdT) kwenikweni amatanthawuza "vinyo wa tebulo" ndipo ndi vinyo wofunikila kuledzera tsiku ndi tsiku, amene kupanga kokha kumaletsedwa ndi malamulo ochepa chabe, kupatula kuti zinthu sizikhala zoopsa. Masiku ano, ma vinyo ambiri a ku Italy ndi osowa manja, oonda, ofooka, osowa, vinyo omwe ankagulitsidwa mu jugs ndipo tsopano amagulitsidwa ku Tetra Paks. Tavernello ndi chitsanzo chabwino cha vinyo wotere.
M'mbuyomu, palinso zotsatila vini da tavola , zopangidwa ndi ochita bwino kwambiri omwe anaganiza zopanga chinthu chomwe sichinayenere kukhala ndi udindo wapamwamba chifukwa cha momwe zinapangidwira kapena momwe zinapangidwira.
Mwachitsanzo, Tignanello VdT, ndi wolemba vinyo wotchuka Antusori yemwe amadziwika bwino komanso wolemekezeka, anali vinyo wofiira kwambiri yemwe anali ndi Cabernet kwambiri kuti akhale Chianti Classico. Sangioveto VdT, wochokera kumalonda wina wotchuka wa Tuscan, Badia ndi Coltibuono, adatchulidwa dzina la mtundu wa mphesa, choncho sankatchedwa Chianti Classico ngakhale kuti analidi, ndipo anali abwino kwambiri.
Ngakhale kuti stellar yotchedwa Vini da Tavola inali Tuscan, olemera ambiri a Piemontese anayamba kuyesa nawo. Komabe, pamene Tuscans anaphatikiza Sangiovese ndi mphesa zosiyana (makamaka Cabernet kapena Merlot), kapena mphesa zochokera ku French okha (Collezione de Marchi L'Eremo, Syrah, kapena Pinot Noir), ku Piemonte iwo adagwirizanitsa Nebbiolo ndi Barbera, pansi pa chiphunzitso chakuti Nebbiolo adzapereka timannins, pamene Barbera adzapereka acidity (Mwachitsanzo, Giorgio Rivetti's Pin). Mwachidule, m'mbuyomu, ndi Vino da Tavola mumakhala ndi "plonk" ... kapena chinachake chodabwitsa.
Monga ndanenera, Vdt yopangidwa masiku ano ndi yaikulu, ndipo chifukwa chakuti malamulo anasinthidwa kuti alephere kuika mphesa pa vinyo wa VdT. Zotsatira zake, pafupifupi vinyo wamtengo wapatali omwe kale anali VdT tsopano amalembedwa monga IGT, kupatulapo ochepa chabe kukhala vinyo opangidwa m'njira zosaphatikizidwa ndi malamulo a IGT. Mwachitsanzo, wolima mmodzi m'mudzi wa Astigiano (dera lopangira vinyo m'chigawo cha Asti, kumpoto kwa Italy) amapanga Moscato youma ndipo amalemba kuti VdT chifukwa malamulo a IGT akuti Moscato ayenera kukhala okoma.
Vino ndi Indicazione Geografica (IGT) kapena "Geographical Indication" ndi vinyo amene amapangidwa kudera linalake.
Panthawi ina, palibe chinthu chapadera kwambiri pa vinyo wa IGT, ngakhale kuti sichidali chowonadi - pamene malamulo anasinthidwa kuti asaletse kuika vinyo (zaka zopangira) ku vinyo wa VdT, olemba ambiri anatsutsa njira zawo, "Super Tuscan," ndi vinyo ena omwe tafotokozedwa pamwambapa monga IGT. Pitani patsamba ili kuti muwerenge mndandanda wa vinyo wa ku Italy wa IGT.
Vino ndi Denominazione di Origine Controllata (DOC) kapena "Dongosolo lolamulidwa ndi chiyambi" ndi yankho lachi Italy ku French AOC ( Appellation d'origine contrôlée ) . Vinyo a DOC amapangidwa m'madera omwe amadziwika bwino, molingana ndi malamulo oyenerera kuti azisunga miyambo yapamwamba pamtundu uliwonse. Malamulo opanga Montepulciano d'Abruzzo DOC, mwachitsanzo, amasiyana kwambiri ndi omwe amapanga Salice Salentino DOC (kuchokera ku Puglia) kapena Frascati DOC (ochokera kudera la Roma).
Winery akhoza kunena munda wamphesa kuti mphesa zinachokera, koma sitingatchule vinyo pambuyo pa mtundu wa mphesa ndipo sungagwiritse ntchito dzina monga "Superior." Popeza vinyo akuyenera kukwaniritsa miyezo yapamwamba kuti adziwe ngati DOC, mavinyo a ku Italy onse apindula kuchokera pamene DOCs zinakhazikitsidwa m'zaka za m'ma 1960, ngakhale kuti nthawi zina malamulo okonzedwa ndi makomiti anali ndi zotsatira zosayembekezereka - Mwachitsanzo, akuluakulu a ku Tuscans, adachokera ku zofunikira (popeza adasiya) omwe amapanga mphesa zoyera mu Chianti Classico. Pakali pano pali vinyo woposa 300 a DOC ku Italy.
Vino ndi Denominazione di Origine Controllata e Garantita (DOCG): kapena "Kulamulidwa ndi Kutsimikiziridwa Koyambira kwa Chiyambi." Gawo ili labwino ndilofanana ndi DOC, koma lovuta kwambiri. Zokolola zovomerezeka kawirikawiri zimachepetsedwa, ndipo ma DOCG amafunika kuyesa, kuyesa, ndi kulawa ndi komiti yololedwa ndi boma iwo asanathe kuikidwa. Kukhazikitsidwa kwa vinyo wa DOCG kwabwereranso ndi kusintha kwabwino kwa vinyo wa ku Italy - sizingakhale zomveka kwa wolima amene minda yake ya mpesa ili mu DOCG kuti apange vinyo omwe sali oyenerera kukhala oyenerera. Panopa pali vinyo pafupifupi 74 a DOCG, kuphatikizapo Barolo, Chianti Classico, Brunello di Montalcino, Amarone della Valpolicella, ndi Prosecco Superiore.
[Kusinthidwa ndi Danette St. Onge]