Chikhalidwe cha Kafiya cha Ethiopia

Ethiopia imatengedwa kuti ndi malo obadwira khofi ndi chikhalidwe cha khofi. Zili kuganiza kuti khofi inapezedwa ku Ethiopia kale kwambiri monga zaka za zana lachisanu ndi chinayi. Masiku ano, anthu oposa 12 miliyoni ku Ethiopia akugwira nawo ntchito kulima ndi kukakola khofi, ndipo khofi ndi gawo lalikulu la chikhalidwe cha Ethiopia.

Mawu a Kafiya a ku Ethiopia

Mwina chimodzi mwazimene zimaonetsa kuti gawo la khofi ndi chikhalidwe cha Aitiopiya chiri m'chinenero chake.

Coffee imakhala ndi chikhalidwe cholimba kwambiri ku chikhalidwe cha Aitiopiya chomwe chimapezeka m'mawu ambiri okhudzana ndi moyo, chakudya ndi mgwirizano.

Kamodzi kawirikawiri ya kofi ya ku Ethiopia ndi "Buna dabo naw". Izi zikutanthauza kuti "Coffee ndi chakudya chathu". Zimasonyeza udindo waukulu umene khofi imachita pa zakudya ndi kuwonetsera mlingo wofunikira womwe ulipo monga chitsimikizo cha chakudya.

Chinthu china chofala ndi "Buna Tetu". Awa ndi mawu achi Amharic omwe kwenikweni amatanthauza "Khofi akumwa". Sichikugwiritsidwanso ntchito pakumwa kofi komanso kumagwirizanitsa (mofanana ndi momwe anthu amagwiritsira ntchito mawu oti "kukumana ndi khofi" mu Chingerezi).

Ngati wina ati, "Ndilibenso wina woti ndikhale ndi khofi," sichimatengedwa, koma akuganiza kuti munthuyo alibe mabwenzi abwino omwe angamuuze. Izi zikugwirizana kwambiri ndi gawo lalikulu lomwe anthu amagwiritsira ntchito khofi ku Ethiopia komanso kuti anthu nthawi zambiri amasonkhanitsa khofi pa zokambirana zomwe zimakhudza moyo wa tsiku ndi tsiku, miseche ndi zozama zomwezo.

Mofananamo, ngati wina ati, "Musalole kuti dzina lanu lizindikire nthawi ya khofi," amatanthawuza kuti muyenera kuyang'ana mbiri yanu ndikupewa kukhala miseche.

Mtengowu wa Ethiopia

Nthano yotchuka kwambiri ya khofi ku Ethiopia nthawi zambiri imachita chinachake chonga ichi:

Kaldi, mbuzi ya Abyssinia yemwe amachokera ku Kaffa, anali akuweta mbuzi zake kudera lamapiri pafupi ndi nyumba ya amonke.

Anazindikira kuti anali akudzidzimutsa kwambiri tsiku lomwelo, ndipo adayamba kulumphira mwachidwi, akufuula mokweza ndi kuvina pamilingo yawo yamphongo. Anapeza kuti chiyambi cha chisangalalo chinali shrub yaing'ono (kapena, m'nthano zina, timango ting'onoting'ono ta zitsamba) ndi zipatso zofiira. Chidwi chinagwira ndipo anayesera zipatso zake.

Mofanana ndi mbuzi zake, Kaldi anamva zotsatira zolimbikitsa za yamatcheri a khofi. Atadzaza mabokosi ake ndi zipatso zofiira, adathamangira kunyumba kwa mkazi wake, ndipo adamupempha kuti apite ku nyumba ya amonke yapafupi kuti akagawire "zipatso zakumwamba" ndi amonke kumeneko.

Atafika ku nyumba ya amonke, nyemba za khofi za Kaldi sizinavomerezedwe ndi chikondwerero, koma ndikunyoza. Moni wina wotchedwa Kaldi "ntchito ya Mdyerekezi" ndikuuponyera pamoto. Komabe, malingana ndi nthano, kununkhira kwa nyemba zokazinga kunali kokwanira kuti amonkewa apereke mwayi uwu kachiwiri. Anachotsa nyemba za khofi kuchokera pamoto, zidaphwanya iwo kuti azichotsa mazira owala ndi kuziphimba ndi madzi otentha mu ewer kuti azisunga (kapena nkhaniyo imapita).

Amonke a ku nyumba ya amonke adamva fungo la khofi ndipo adabwera kudzayesa.

Mofanana ndi amwenye a ku Buddha a ku China ndi Japan, amonkewa anapeza kuti kukondweretsa kofi kunathandiza kuti akhalebe maso pa nthawi ya uzimu (panthawiyi, pemphero ndi mapemphero opatulika). Iwo analumbira kuti kuchokera nthawi imeneyo iwo adzamwa chakumwa chatsopano tsiku lirilonse ngati chithandizo ku mapemphero awo achipembedzo.

Pali nthano ina yochokera ku khofi yomwe imayambitsa kupezeka kwa khofi kwa munthu wachisilamu wotchuka dzina lake Sheikh Omar yemwe ankakhala ku Mocha, Yemen.

Mbiri ya Coffee ya ku Ethiopia

Zikuganiziridwa kuti khalidwe la Kaldi likanakhalapo pafupifupi 850 AD Nkhaniyi ikugwirizana ndi chikhulupiliro chofala kuti ulimi wa khofi unayamba ku Ethiopia kuzungulira zaka za zana lachisanu ndi chinayi. Komabe, ena amakhulupilira kuti khofi idapangidwa kuyambira 575 AD

ku Yemen.

Ngakhale kuti nthano ya Kaldi, mbuzi zake, ndi amonke amati khofi imawoneka ngati yokondweretsa komanso chakumwa tsiku lomwelo, ndizotheka kwambiri kuti nyemba za khofi zinkafunidwa ngati zowonjezera zaka zambiri zisanapangidwe zakumwa. Zikutheka kuti nyembazo zinali zowonongeka ndi zosakaniza ndi mafuta (mafuta) kuti azipanga phala wandiweyani, zomwe zinagubudulidwa mu mipira yaying'ono ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati pakufunikira mphamvu paulendo wautali. Akatswiri ena a mbiriyakale amakhulupirira kuti kalembedwe ka khofi kameneka kanabweretsedwa (kuphatikizapo khofi palokha) kuchokera ku Kaffa mpaka ku Harrar ndi Arabia ndi akapolo a ku Sudan amene ankafunafuna khofi kuti apulumuke paulendo wovuta wa njira zamalonda zogulitsa akapolo. Akuti, akapolo a ku Sudan anatenga mwambo umenewu wofunafuna khofi kuchokera ku mtundu wa Galla wa Ethiopia. Masiku ano, chizolowezi chodya khofi mumtunda wa ghee amakhala m'madera ena a Kaffa ndi Sidamo. Mofananamo, ku Kaffa, anthu ena amawonjezera khofi yofiira kwambiri yomwe imasungunuka ku khofi yawo yopangidwa kuti ikhale yopatsa thanzi komanso kuonjezera kukoma (mofanana ndi tiyi ya butter pu-erh ya Tibet).

Malingana ndi zina, pali njira yodyera khofi ngati phala, ndipo njira yopezera khofi idawoneka pakati pa mitundu yambiri ya anthu a ku Ethiopia pafupi zaka za zana la khumi.

Pang'onopang'ono, khofi inadziwika ngati chakumwa ku Ethiopia ndi kumtunda. Mu mafuko ena, yamatcheri a khofi anaphwanyidwa ndikupukutidwa kukhala mtundu wa vinyo. Kwa ena, nyemba za khofi zinkawotchedwa, pansi ndikuphikidwa mu decoction . Pang'ono ndi pang'ono, chizoloŵezi cha khofi chakumwa chinagwira ndikufalikira kwinakwake. Pakati pa zaka za m'ma 1300, khofi inafalikira ku dziko lachi Islam, komwe idalandilidwa ngati mankhwala amphamvu ndi thandizo lamphamvu la kupempherera, ndipo yophika mofanana ndi mankhwala ophera mankhwala - chifukwa cha mphamvu ndi mphamvu. Mukhoza kupeza miyambo ya khofi yotentha ku Ethiopia, Turkey ndi madera ena onse a Mediterranean, kumene amadziwika kuti khofi wa Ethiopia, kofi ya Turkish, Greek coffee ndi zina, mayina ofanana.

Mchitidwe wa Kahawa wa ku Ethiopia

Mchitidwe wa khofi wa ku Ethiopia ndi wofunika kwambiri kumidzi ya midzi yambiri ya Aitiopiya. Mutha kuwerenga zambiri zokhudza izi m'nkhani yanga ya Ethiopian Coffee Ceremony .

Etymology ya Coffee

M'chinenero chakumeneko, mawu oti khofi ndi "bunn" kapena "buna". Chiyambi cha khofi ndi Kaffa. Choncho khofi nthawi zina ankatchedwa "Kaffa bunn," kapena khofi ya Kaffa. Pachifukwa ichi, ena amakhulupirira kuti mawu akuti "nyemba za khofi" ndi "kayendedwe ka" Kaffa bunn. Popeza kuti nyemba za khofi ndizokolola, izi zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kwambiri.

Kuti mudziwe zambiri za zinenero ndi mawu oti khofi, onani Mawu a Coffee Padziko Lonse .