Njira zowonjezereka ndi njira zopezera chakudya.
Chakudya, mwachibadwa, n'chosawonongeka. Popanda kuchitapo kanthu, chakudya chimagonjetsedwa ndi mphamvu zachirengedwe, mabakiteriya, yisiti, ndi bowa, ndikuyamba kunyoza. Zotsatira za kuwonongeka kwa chakudya sizingowonjezera, koma othandizira kuwonongeka angayambitsenso matenda obwera chifukwa cha zakudya kapena imfa.
Kwa zaka masauzande ambiri, anthu akhala akugwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana kuti athandizidwe ndi chakudya chawo kuti athetse chakudya chawo.
Ngakhale zina mwa njirazi ndi zatsopano, ambiri a iwo akhala akukalekeza kale. Tikhoza kukonzanso njirazo ndikumvetsetsa njira, koma mfundo zofunikira zimakhala zofanana lero. Nazi njira zingapo zowonjezera zakudya:
- Kuzizira ndi Kusungunula - Mabakiteriya ndi yisiti zimakula bwino pamadera otentha, makamaka pakati pa 40-140ºF. Mwa kuchepetsa kutentha kwapafupi ndi 40ºF kapangidwe ka kagayidwe kake ndi kubereka kamakhala kocheperachepera. Ngakhale izi sizikhoza kupha mabakiteriya ndi yisiti, imachepetsanso njira yowonongeka. Ngakhale kuti chakudya chozizira chagwiritsidwa ntchito m'madera otentha kwa zaka zambiri, kufalikira kwa magetsi ndi zipangizo zam'nyumba kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 2000 kunachulukitsa kugwiritsa ntchito kozizira ngati njira yopezera chakudya.
- Kumalongeza - Kuphimba kumateteza chakudya mwa kuchotsa mpweya wofunikira kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tikulitse. Chifukwa chakuti zamoyo zina zimatha kupuma popanda mpweya wokha, kumalongeza kumakhala ndi chinthu chachiwiri chomwe chimalepheretsa kukula kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, monga asidi kapena mchere (kawirikawiri umakhala ngati brine). Kuphika kunakhala njira yodziwika bwino yosungira chakudya ndi mafakitale ogwirizanitsa makampani ndipo adakali wotchuka lero.
- Kusokoneza Madzi - Zambiri zazing'ono zimapanganso chinyezi kukula, kotero kuchotsa chinyezi kuchokera ku chakudya ndi njira yothandiza kwambiri yosungira. Chinsinsi cha kutaya madzi m'thupi ndikutsiriza ntchitoyi mofulumira kuposa momwe kuwonongeka kumachitika. Kutuluka kwa mpweya kumafulumizitsa ndi kuwonjezera kutentha kwakukulu, nthawi zina kumapangidwa ndi kuwala kwa dzuwa. Dzuwa la dzuwa limakhala lopanda mazira, zomwe zimaphatikizapo kupha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Njira zamakono zowonongeka kwa mpweya zimayendetsa mphepo yomwe imatenthedwa mokwanira kuti ipititse patsogolo kutaya madzi m'thupi popanda "kuphika" chakudya. Kutaya madzi m'thupi ndi njira yopezera zakudya zomwe zimadya nyama, zouma zipatso kapena zikopa za zipatso, ndi zitsamba.
- Kuwotcha - Kutentha ndi njira ina yakale yopezera chakudya yomwe yakhala ikudziwika mpaka lero. Kutchuka kumawoneka kuti ndikumveka kokoma kopambana komwe kumawonjezeka kupyolera mu nayonso mphamvu. Kutentha ndiko mtundu wa chakudya chowonongeka, koma pamene tizilombo tizilombo timayang'aniridwa mwamphamvu, imatha kupanga zotsatira zabwino ndikupereka chitetezo chotsutsana ndi zowononga. Mabakiteriya kapena yisiti yogwiritsidwa ntchito mu kuyera imapanga asidi monga mankhwala, omwe amalepheretsa mabakiteriya ena omwe angathe kuvulaza. Monga bonasi, zamoyo zambiri zomwe zimapangira zakudya zimaphatikizapo zowonjezera zitsamba za chilengedwe cha munthu m'mimba. Sauerkraut ndi kimchi ndi zitsanzo za kugwiritsa ntchito nayonso mphamvu kuti asunge kabichi.
- Salting - Salting amateteza chakudya mwa kuchotsa chinyezi ndi kupanga malo osayenera kwa kukula kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Mabakiteriya ochepa kwambiri amakula mchere wambiri, kungowonjezera kuchuluka kwa mchere kungakhale njira yabwino yopezera. Salting ndi imodzi mwa njira zakale kwambiri zodziŵiramo chakudya. Ma salt a m'nyanja ambiri okhala m'dera la Mediterranean anali kupezeka mosavuta m'nthaŵi zakale ndipo ankagwiritsidwa ntchito kusunga nyama, nsomba, masamba, ndi zipatso zina. Kuchuluka kwa mchere wokha kuti ukhale wosungira zakudya ndi kwakukulu kwambiri ndipo kotero kungakhale kosasangalatsa. Choncho, mchere nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuphatikizapo njira ina, monga kutaya madzi m'thupi kapena njira yothetsera, kuti asunge chakudya. Zitsanzo za zakudya zotetezedwa ndi mchere zimaphatikizapo zolimba salamis, nyama yankhumba, nyama ya nkhumba, nsomba yosuta, anchovies, azitona, pickles, ndi mandimu.