Chokoleti ikhoza kukhala chakudya chodziwika bwino komanso chophatikizapo, koma mawu akuti "chokoleti" angatanthauze zinthu zosiyanasiyana. Mawu amodzi akuphatikizira chirichonse kuchokera mu chokoleti chosalala, chokoma choyera ku chokoleti chokoma kwambiri, ndi chirichonse chiri pakati. Ndiye chokoleti, kodi imachokera kuti, ndipo mitundu yonse ya chokoleti imatanthauza chiyani ?
Chidule cha Chokoleti
Chokoleti, monga momwe timachidziwira kale, ndizochokera ku ndondomeko yambiri yoyeretsera yomwe imayambira ndi zipatso (zokolola nyemba) za mtengo wotentha Theobroma khola .
Nyembazo zimawotcha, zouma, zokazinga, ndi nthaka. Pambuyo pake, mankhwalawa amaphatikizapo mafuta a koco, mafuta ofewa, mafuta olimba omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa zakudya komanso zodzoladzola, ndi chokoleti, kapena nyemba zokazinga zokazinga.
Mitundu ya chokoleti yomwe imachokera ku ndondomekoyi imayikidwa ndi mafuta osiyanasiyana a kocola ndi chokoleti choledzera chokoleticho, komanso shuga ndi zina zomwe zimaphatikizapo kusakaniza.
Njira Yopangira Mitundu ya Chokoleti
Chotsatira chachidule cha mtundu wa chokoleti chidzasokoneza maina ambiri a chokoleti, ndikuthandizani kusankha chokoleti chokwanira kwa Chinsinsi chanu.
Mafuta a Koco: Mpaka wosakanizidwawo umapangidwanso, chokoleti chochepa chosekedwa. Mafuta a Koco amapatsa chokoleti kwambiri ndipo amapezeka mu "Dutch-processed" (alkalized) kapena mitundu yachilengedwe. Mafuta a kakale a mtundu wofiira ndi ofiira, ndi chophika cholimba, chotchedwa chokoleti. Ndizochepa pang'ono, kotero ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito chilengedwe cha ufa mu maphikidwe akuyitanitsa soda. Mafuta a kakale omwe ali ochepa kwambiri amakhala obiriwira, osakhala acidic, ndipo ali ndi kukoma kokometsetsa. Mafuta a kocoa ovomerezeka amalimbikitsa maphikidwe omwe amawotcha ufa wophika.
Chokoleti chosasunthika: Chokoleti "chowawa" kapena "kuphika". Ichi ndi chakumwa chokoleti choyera, chophatikizapo nyemba za koko. Ngakhale izo zikuwoneka ndi kununkhira monga chokoleti, zimakhala ndi kulawa kowawa ndipo sizimangogwiritsidwa ntchito pazokha-zimagwiritsidwa bwino pophika kuphika pamene zikhoza kuphatikizidwa ndi shuga kuti zikhale zovuta kwambiri. Chifukwa nyemba za kakao zili ndi mafuta ofanana ndi mafuta a kakale ndi zakumwa za kakale, chokoleti chosakoma ndi chokopa chimapatsa chokoleti chokwanira, chokoma kwambiri. Chokoleti chosasunthika ndicho chogwiritsira ntchito pamakolo ena onse, kupatula chokoleti choyera.
Chokoleti cha mdima: Chokoleti chokhala ndi chokoleti cha shuga, shuga, kakale batala, vanila ndi lecithin (emulsifier). Palibe mchere wokhala ndi chokoleti chakuda. Mchere wa kocoa wamdima wa chokoleti wamalonda ukhoza kuchoka pa 30 peresenti (okoma mdima) mpaka 70 mpaka 80 peresenti kwa mipiringidzo yamdima. Chokoleti chowotcha komanso chokoleti chokoma chokwanira chikugwera mu "chokoleti chakuda".
Chokoleti chosautsa: Chokoleti, monga tafotokozera ndi FDA, yomwe ili ndi 35 peresenti ya cocoa solids. Zipangizo zambiri zokhala ndi zotsekemera zimakhala ndi 50 peresenti ya chokoleti chakumwa chokoma, ndipo mipiringidzo ina imasula mowa wokwana 70-80% wa chokoleti. Chokoletiyi nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi zokoma kwambiri, zowawa kwambiri kuposa mazira okoma kapena ochepa. Komabe, kuchuluka kwa shuga mu chokoleti sikunayambe, kotero bokosi limodzi la "chowotcha" lopanga makina lingamve lokoma kusiyana ndi bokosi "labwino".
Chokoleti chosaphatikiza: Awa ndi mawu a Chimereka, omwe amawonekera ndi Nestle Toll House. Chokoleti chosaphatikizapo pafupifupi 35 peresenti ya cocoa solids ndipo imaganiziridwa kuti ndi mdima kuposa chokoma chakuda chokoleti, koma chimakhala chokoma kusiyana ndi kukhumudwitsa. Komabe, kusowa kwa malamulo okhudzana ndi shuga kumatanthawuza kuti zigawo izi ndi zosiyana komanso zosagwirizana pazitsulo.
Chokoleti yamdima yakuda: ndi "chokoleti chakuda" m'lingaliro lakuti mulibe zowonjezera mkaka, koma ali ndi shuga wambiri ndipo ndi okoma kwambiri kuposa mitundu ina ya chokoleti yakuda. Mitundu yambiri ya chokoleti yamdima yokoma ili ndi 20 mpaka 40 peresenti ya koko.
Chokoleti cha Mkaka: Kuphatikizapo kukhala ndi mafuta a koco ndi chokoleti, chokoleti cha mkaka chimakhala ndi mkaka wosakanizidwa (mitundu yambiri ya ku Ulaya) kapena mkaka wouma. Chokoleti cha Mkaka ayenera kukhala ndi 10 peresenti ya chokoleti chakumwa (ku United States), 3,39 peresenti ya butterfat, ndi 12 peresenti ya mafuta a mkaka. Chokoleti cha mandimu ndizokoma kwambiri kuposa chokoleti chakuda ndipo zimakhala ndi kuwala kowala komanso chosavuta kumva chokoleti. Chokoleti cha mavitamini ndi zovuta kuzikwiyitsa bwino ndipo zimakhala zotentha kwambiri .
Chokoleti Choyera: White chokoleti imatchedwa dzina la mafuta a kocoa, koma ilibe chokoleti chakumwa kapena mankhwala ena a koco. Zotsatira zake, sizinatchulidwe kukoma kwa chokoleti koma zimakonda monga vanila kapena zina zowonjezera. Mwalamulo, chokoleti choyera chiyenera kukhala ndi mafuta osachepera 20 peresenti ya cocoa batala, 14 peresenti ya mkaka wolimba, komanso shuga wokwanira 55 peresenti. Pali mitundu ina ya "chokoleti choyera" yomwe imakhala ndi masamba odzala m'malo mwa batala -ziziyenera kupewa chifukwa cha malingaliro, popeza zilibe mankhwala a kakale, ndipo sizovuta chokoleti.
Chokoleti Chofunika: Chokoletichi chimakhala ndi apamwamba kwambiri (pafupifupi 30 peresenti) ya mafuta a koco, komanso chakumwa chokoleti. Chiŵerengero chapamwamba ichi chimakhala chokwera, koma chimatanthauzanso kuti chokoleticho chimachokera bwino ndipo chimasungunuka msanga komanso mofanana. Chokoleti chophimba ndi chokoleti chofunidwa kuti chikhale chokoma komanso chodula. Zimabwera mumdima, mkaka, ndi mitundu yoyera, ndipo zimagulidwa pa intaneti kapena m'masitolo okongoletsera keke.
Chokoleti cha Gianduja: Gianduja ndi dzina lopatsidwa chokoleti cha ku Ulaya chochokera ku chokoleti ndi mtedza. Nkhumba ya hazelnut ndi yofala, koma gianduja ikhoza kupangidwa ndi phala la amondi. Amabwera mu mkaka kapena mtundu wa chokoleti wamdima. Chokoleti cha Gianduja chikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mkaka kapena m'malo mwa mkaka kapena chokoleti chakuda. Pakati pa firiji, ndi zosavuta kuti zigulidwe kapena kudula koma ndi zofewa kwambiri kuti zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito popanga chokoleti.
"Chophimba chamagetsi" chokoleti: Chodziwikiranso kuti "chophimba chophimba," "chophimba cha chilimwe," kapena "chovala chozungulira." Mawuwa amatanthauza mankhwala a maswiti omwe amakondwera ndi mdima wambiri, mkaka kapena chokoleti choyera ndi masamba owonjezera kapena mafuta a kanjedza. . Zogulazi ndi zotchipa kusiyana ndi chokoleti zambiri, ndipo ziribe mankhwala ambiri a chokoleti; Choncho, alibe chokoleti cholimba kapena mkamwa wokongola. Komabe, iwo amatha kusungunuka bwino kwambiri ndi kusungunuka katundu ndipo motero amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga maswiti kuti aziwombera kapena kuvuta, chifukwa safuna kutentha komanso kumatha kutentha kwambiri. Samalani kusasakaniza zokutira maswiti ndi chokoleti chenicheni, chifukwa mafuta sakugwirizana ndi maswiti omwe sakhala okondweretsa ndi otukuka.