Chokoleti ndi chipangizo choyezera, chowunikira chovuta choyambira chomwe chimayambira ndi nyemba za nyemba za mtengo wa khola la Theobroma . Nkhumba ya Theobroma imatanthauza "chakudya cha Milungu," ndipo dzina limeneli limasonyeza kukoma kwa kumwamba kwa chokoleti ndipo kulemekeza miyambo ya Mayan ndi Aztec inali nayo chakudya chaumulungu ichi. Miyambo ya ku America iyi ndi yoyamba kuzindikira ubwino wa nyemba za cacao, pogwiritsa ntchito nyembazo ngati ndalama ndikusungira nyemba zowonongeka monga zakumwa m'mwamba.
Chokoleti chowawa choyambirira choyamikiridwa ndi Maya ndi Aztec n'chosiyana kwambiri ndi zotsekemera zathu zosasangalatsa, zokoma lero, komabe chitsimikizo cha zonsezi chimakhala chimodzimodzi: nyemba zochepa za khola .
Cacao
Mtengo wa cacao ndi chomera chomera chomwe chimamera kokha pakati pa madigiri 20 a Equator. Maiko akuluakulu omwe amapanga cacao ndi Ivory Coast ndi Ghana, ngakhale pali misika yambiri ya ku South America ndi Africa. Mtengo wa cacao umapanga pods chaka chonse, choncho mtengo weniweni ukhoza kukhala ndi nyemba m'magawo aliwonse a kucha, kuyambira maluwa oyambirira mpaka maluwa okhwima omwe akukonzekera kukolola. Pali mitundu itatu ya mitengo ya cacao: Forastero, mitundu yowonjezereka komanso yamphamvu kwambiri, yomwe imakhala ndi zosavuta kwambiri, ndi Criollo, mtengo wosasunthika komanso wosavuta, wokhala ndi zipatso zonunkhira bwino, ndi Trinitario, wosakanikirana pakati pa Forastero ndi Criollo yomwe imasonyeza maonekedwe a mitengo yonseyi, kukhala ndi zokolola zambiri za nyemba zonunkhira.
Njira
Chokoleti imayamba ndi zokolola za khola . Chifukwa nyembazo zimamera mu madigiri onse akukoma ndi malo aliwonse pamtengo, kukolola kwakukulu kumachitidwa ndi manja ndi machete. Njira ziwiri zofunika ziyenera kuchitika kuti khola isapangidwe ndi kutumizidwa kwa wopanga. Choyamba, nyembazo zimagawanika kuti ziwonetse nyemba za koko m'malo mwake, zikuzunguliridwa ndi fruity zamkati za pod.
Izi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zakumwa kapena zamchere, chifukwa zimakhala zokoma zokoma ndi zokometsetsa zokometsera chokoleti.
Nyemba ndi zamkati zimachotsedwa ku nyemba zam'madzi ndi kumanzere kuti azipaka m'mabasiketi masiku awiri mpaka asanu ndi atatu. Gawoli ndi lofunika kwambiri, monga momwe kuyesa kulimbikitsa mellows kukoma kwa nyemba ndikupereka fruity undertones ya zamkati. Popanda kuthira nyemba, nyemba zikhoza kukhala zosautsa komanso zowawa kwambiri. Chokoleti zambiri zapamwamba zimakhala ndi utali wautali wautali, womwe ukhoza kulawa m'maluwa, zolembera zamtengo wapatali za mankhwala omalizira. Pambuyo pa nayonso mphamvu, nyemba zimafalikira limodzi limodzi ndipo zimasiyidwa bwino , kawirikawiri dzuwa. Ndizomwe nyemba zitayera bwino komanso zouma kuti zimasungidwa ndi kutumizidwa kwa opanga chokoleti padziko lonse lapansi.
Pambuyo pa nyembazo zikafika kumalo opangidwira, ziwotchera kuti zibweretseko chokopa kwambiri chokolera ndi mitundu. Nthaŵi ndi kutentha kwa kunyowa kumadalira mtundu wa nyemba ndi momwe zimakhalira zowonjezera. Pambuyo pokawotcha, nyemba zimasamutsira wopambana amene amachotsa zipolopolo za nyembazo ndi kusiya "nibs" -chiyambi cha nyemba ya kakale yomwe ili ndi mafuta ambiri a koco ndi batala .
Nkhonozi zimakhala zofiira kwambiri, zomwe zimatchedwa chokoleti chakumwa (nthawi yosokoneza, popeza mankhwalawa alibe mankhwala). Mowawu ndi maziko a chokoleti chonse, ndipo pamapeto pake amayamba kufanana ndi kununkhiza monga chokoleti chofala. Mowa umakakamizidwa kuti uchotse batala ya kakao, yomwe imachokera ku disc powdery yomwe imadziwika kuti "choikapo cha cocoa." Chodyeramo, pamene chimapangidwira, chimakhala chobiriwira ku khola. Panthawiyi, njira ya chokoleti imasiyana malingana ndi njira ndi maonekedwe a wopanga. Ngati chokoleti ndi yapamwamba kwambiri, cholembera chosakanizidwa chidzasakanizidwa ndi mafuta a masamba, shuga, ndi zokometsera kuti zikhale chokoleti chochepa. Ngati chokoleti idzakhala yapamwamba kwambiri, batala idzawonjezeredwa ndi chokoleti, komanso zinthu zina monga shuga, vanila, ndi mkaka.
Chokoleti choyera chimagwiranso ntchito yofanana, kupatula mulibe chokoleti chakumwa kapena koka ufa. Chokoleti yatsopanoyi imayendayenda m'magulu angapo kuti asamangidwe mpaka asanalowe ku makina ogwiritsira ntchito.
Kugwiritsira ntchito ndilo gawo lomalizira poyesa utoto wapamwamba ndi mawonekedwe a chokoleti. Makina ogwiritsira ntchito, omwe amatchedwa chifukwa chakuti mapangidwe apachiyambi anali ofanana ndi mahatchi, mawondo ndi masisitere osakaniza chokoleti kwa nthawi yaitali kuyambira maola angapo mpaka masiku angapo. Kuthamanga, kutentha, ndi kutalika kwa ndondomeko ya kugwiritsira ntchito kumapanga chovala chomaliza ndi chokoma cha chokoleti, pamene kugwiritsira ntchito kumapatsa chokoleti ndi mellows ma toni ena otsala. Pambuyo pake, chokoleticho chimakhala ndi makina akuluakulu omwe amasangalatsa chokoleticho kuti zikhale zotentha kwambiri kuti zikhale zowala. Potsiriza, chokoleticho chimatsanulira mu nkhungu, atakulungidwa, ndi okonzeka kutumizira kwa anthu ofuna chidwi padziko lonse lapansi.