Onani Ngati Teyi Ingakupatseni Kukonda Zogula
Pamene tiganizira za zakudya zabwino ndi zakumwa, zipatso, teas, ndi ndiwo zamasamba zimakhala pakati pawo. Ngakhale kuti zakudyazi ndi zakumwazi zimapatsa thanzi labwino, zambiri zimakhala ndi mankhwala osiyanasiyana monga monocalcium phosphate, sodium benzoate, ndi phosphoric acid.
Nicotine ndi mankhwala ena omwe amapezeka mu zakudya ndi zakumwa. Ndipotu, mankhwala osokoneza bongo amapezeka mu fodya, biringanya, mbatata, kolifulawa, ndi tiyi .
Kodi Nicotine Ndi Yanji?
Nicotine ndi mankhwala (C10H14N2) omwe amakhudza kwambiri thupi la munthu ndi nyama ndi ubongo. Monga zachilengedwe zamadzimadzi, zimakhala ndi zokhudzana ndi zomwe zili mu khofi. Chizindikiro chimayesedwa ngati chochititsa chidwi ndipo chingatheke kukhala chokhumudwitsa pazifukwa zina. Anthu ambiri omwe amamva chikonga kupyolera mu kusuta fodya, kutentha, kapena chikonga amapeza kuti akusangalala. Amapezanso masamba okhudzana ndi nightshade wakupha, chomera cha Belladonna chomwe chiri ndi atropine chakupha, monga tomato ndi tsabola za capsicum.
Vuto Ndi Nicotine
Pakamwa kwakukulu, chikonga ndi chakupha ndipo chimatha kufa. Kafukufuku wina anapeza kuti zotsatira za chikonga ngati sizikugwirizana ndi kusuta zili zoyipa:
"Nthendayi imayambitsa mavuto ambiri azaumoyo. Pali ngozi yowonjezereka ya matenda a mtima, kupuma, matenda a m'mimba." Kutha kuchepetsa kutengeka kwa chitetezo cha mthupi komanso kumayambitsa matenda okhudzana ndi uchembere. Kumakhudza kuchulukana kwa maselo, kupsinjika kwa magazi, apoptosis, DNA mutation ndi njira zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimayambitsa khansa. Zimakhudzanso kuchuluka kwa chotupa ndi mitsempha ya mitsempha ndipo zimayambitsa kusagwirizana ndi chemo ndi ailesi. " - Indian Journal of Medical ndi Mankhwala Oncology
Kusokoneza bongo kumayambitsa matenda osuta fodya. Suta iri ndi pafupifupi mamiligalamu 10 a chikonga. Komabe, miyendo imodzi yokha kapena ziwiri zimatulutsa mwachindunji munthu akamasuta ndudu, ndipo milligram imodzi yokha ya chikonga imatengeka pa maola atatu omwe amatsutsa "kusuta fodya" (chipinda chosuta fodya) mu chipinda chosuta fodya.
Nicotine mu Chakudya
Nicotine imapezeka mwachibadwa m'makudya ena ndipo imatha kulowa mu zakudya zina zomwe zimadalira zomera. Komabe, kuchuluka kwa chikonga chomwe mungadye kuchokera ku zakudya zotere ndi kochepa. Anthu ena amadandaula kuti nicotine mu zakudya zingayambitse kusuta fodya, koma mwayiwu ndi wotsika kwambiri.
Kafukufuku wolembedwa ndi New England Journal of Medicine (NEJM), "Chizindikiro cha Nicotine ya Zamasamba Omwe Amapezeka," anapeza kuti magalamu 10 a biringanya ali ndi microgram imodzi ya chikonga, pamene 19.2 gramu ya tomato pureed ali ndi mlingo womwewo wa chikonga. Zimatengera makilogalamu 1000 ku milligram imodzi, kotero muyenera kudya makilogalamu khumi (kapena pafupifupi 22 mapira a biringanya) kuti mutenge chikonga chochuluka ngati mutachokera ku maola atatu osuta.
Chikopa mu Tea
Malingaliro a sayansi omwe amachititsa kuchuluka kwa chikonga cha tiyi kuchokera pa zosavomerezeka / zosagwirizana ndi 285 nanograms za chikonga pa gramu ya tiyi mu tiyi yomweyo ndi 100 nanograms pa gramu ya tiyi yakuda (ngati nthawi zonse kapena yofiira). Kafukufuku wa 1999 pa chikonga mu tiyi ndi masamba anati,
"Mankhwala a nikotini amaoneka kuti amasinthasintha ndipo nthawi zina amakhala aakulu kwambiri kuposa zipatso za Solanaceae [monga eggplants, mbatata, ndi tomato]."
Komabe, phunziro la NEJM silinapeze chikonga chowoneka mu tiyi yakuda yomwe idagulidwa pa sitolo yogulitsa nthawi zonse ( mwinamwake matumba a tiyi ). Ngati vutoli ndi loipa kwambiri monga momwe adanenera poyamba, zingatengere makilogalamu oposa 3.5 pa teyi yomweyo, yomwe inali ndi chikonga chapamwamba pophunzira, kuti ikhale ndi microgram imodzi ya nikotini-yomwe ndi ndalama mungapezeke kuchokera ku gawo lochepa la utsi wa fodya.
Kumwa Chakumwa M'tsogolo
Ngati tiyi imakhala ndi nicotine, mipata ndi yotsika kwambiri. Zikudziwikanso kuti izi sizingafike mokwanira kuti zitha kusuta fodya kapena zilakolako za ndudu. Kuwonjezera pamenepo, asayansi ambiri asonyeza kuti kuyamwa kwa chikonga m'mapapu ndi kosiyana kwambiri ndi kuyamwa kwa chikonga kupyolera mu chimbudzi. Choncho, zotsatira za thanzi lanu monga wosuta fodya, wosasuta fodya, kapena wosuta fodya ayenera kukhala osayenerera, ndipo zikhoza kukhala zochepetsedwa kwambiri ndi tizilombo zambiri za thanzi.
Ngati mudakali ndi nkhawa kuti mutha kumwa mankhwalawa, simungakhale. Ndiwe wokonzeka kwambiri kukumana ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda (kuphatikizapo kusuta shuga ngati mukuwonjezera shuga ku tiyi) kusiyana ndi momwe mungayankhire ndi tiyi mu tiyi.
> Zotsatira:
- > Benowitz, N., Hukkanen, J., Jacob, P. (2009). > Nicotine Chemistry, Metabolism, Kinetics, ndi Biomarkers. Nicotine Psychopharmacology, pp 29-60 (HEP, voliyumu 192).
- > Mishra, A., Chaturvedi, P., Datta, S., Sinukumar, S., Joshi, P., & Garg, A. (2015). Zotsatira zovulaza za chikonga. Indian Journal of Medical ndi Mankhwala Oncology: Ofesi ya Journal of Indian Society of Medical & Pediatric Oncology , 36 (1), 24-31.
- > Siegmund, B. ndi al. Kutsimikiza kwa nicotine zokhudzana ndi nidtshades (edible) ndi zakudya zawo ndi kulingalira kwa zakudya zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi nicotine. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 1999 47 (8), 3113-3120.
- > Thräne, C. et al. Kukonzekera kwa chikonga mu teyi ( Camellia sinensis ) ndi LC-ESI-MS / MS pogwiritsa ntchito njira yokhazikika ya QuEChERS. August 2015, Voliyumu 241, Magazini 2, tsamba 227-232