Butter (German: "Butter die") amapangidwa ndi butterfat mu zonona ng'ombe, nkhosa ndi mbuzi (ndi nthawi zina zinyama zina). Mtundu wa butterfat (womwe umatchedwanso mafuta a mkaka) umapezeka m'magulubulu ang'onoang'ono, ozunguliridwa ndi nembanemba ya phospholipids ndi lipoproteins. Lipids, kapena mafuta akulozera pakatikati pa dziko lapansi, pamene phosphates kapena mapuloteni ngati madzi akumwa kunja kwa ma globules. Izi zimapangitsa timipira ting'onoting'ono (0.1 mpaka 1 micron yake).
Pakadontho, kirimu chimakhala chotupa (chokwapulidwa), chomwe chimatanthauza kuti mpweya umapanga mawonekedwe ndi ma globules olemera mumlengalenga. Ngati atagwidwa pamodzi ndi kutentha kwambiri (55-65 ° F) kuposa pamene akupanga kirimu chakwapulika (pafupifupi 40 ° F), ziwalo zonse zimagawanika ndipo zimakhala ndi magulu ena.
Sungani mafuta okwanira m'magazi a emulsion inverts ndipo mukhale mamolekyu a madzi mu mafuta, omwe amalekanitsa ndi madzi ambiri ndi mavitamini (whey). Pogwiritsa ntchito madzi ozizira mosamalitsa komanso nthawi zambiri, mafutawa amakhala ndi mafuta ochulukirapo, opanda madzi ochepa, magulu ang'onoang'ono a zofukiza mkaka ndi ochepa, omwe amakhala otsala. Izi ndi zomwe zimapangitsa batala kukhala ofewa komanso okometsetsa osati ouma komanso ovuta.
Botoloyo imasiyanitsidwa ndi batala ndi batala amatha kutsukidwa kuti asamangidwe. Ndiye amchere (ngati amapanga mafuta amchere) ndipo amayesetsa kuti azikhala osasinthasintha.
Kuti mudziwe zambiri, chonde onani Chiwonetsero cha Bukhu la USDA.
Kusiyanitsa Pakati pa German Butter ndi Butter North America
Malamulo a US ndi Canada akuyitanitsa mafuta osakaniza a mkaka ochepa oposa 80%, komanso ambiri makampani opanga batala pafupifupi 81% mafuta a mkaka (80-82%).
Komabe, malamulo a ku Germany amasonyeza mafuta osakaniza oposa 82% (kapena butterfat) ndi batala nthawi zambiri amapangidwa ndi mafuta okwana 85%.
Germany imagulanso batala wobiriwira (wowawasa), koma mafuta ambiri ku North America ndi okoma batala.
Momwe Chomera Chokongoletsera Chinapangidwira
Buluu wokolola (soured), kapena batala ya ku Ulaya ("kufa Sauerrahmbutter") imapangidwa ndi kuika kirimu kwa maola pafupifupi 16 pamaso pa mabakiteriya makamaka kukula kwa mkaka wa mkaka (monga pamene mumapanga quark, yogurt kapena zonona) . Pambuyo makulitsidwe ndi churned mwachizolowezi mafashoni. PH ya batala iyi iyenera kukhala pakati pa 5.1 ndi 6.4.
Mtundu wina wa botolo la ku Ulaya umaphatikizapo mabakiteriya utatha batalawo ndipo amatchedwa "mildgesäuerte Butter" m'Chijeremani (mofatsa batare). Chifukwa chakuti madzi ambiri adatsanulidwa kale, mankhwalawa ndi ofooka ndipo samatenga malo ochepa kuti agwiritse ntchito, kupulumutsa ndalama za kampani. Buluu uwu uyenera kukhala ndi pH yosachepera 6.4, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti ndi zochepa kwambiri (zochepa) kusiyana ndi "Sauerrahmbutter" yomwe tatchulidwa pamwambapa.
Ndi Butter Yotani Yabwino Kwambiri?
Kawirikawiri bakers amakonda mafuta ndi mafuta apamwamba kwambiri, makamaka otukuta pastry ndi laminated pastries. Amafunanso batala wosatulutsidwa kuti athetse mchere m'zophika zawo. Zakudya zamchere mu mchere wamchere (zamasamba zokoma komanso zonunkhira) zimatha kusiyana ndi 0,4% mpaka 4%, malingana ndi wopanga.
Buluu wamchere umasankhidwa pa tebulo ndi kumaliza mbale.
Mafuta okoma kirimu ndi bwino kumanga sauces, chifukwa sichitha msanga monga batala wokongola ndipo amawoneka kuti akumanga bwino. Kaya mumakonda kukoma kokoma kapena kukongola bata kumadalira komwe munakulira komanso zomwe mumakonda. Ambiri Achimereka amapeza batala wokometsetsa kukhala tart kwambiri chifukwa iwo anakulira ndi batala okoma kirimu.
Maonekedwe a Zakudya Zakudya za Buluu
Mtoto wa North America (onani chithunzi) kwa ogula kawirikawiri amabwera pamapanga aatali, aang'ono, a mapepala a sera omwe amakutidwa ma ologalamu iliyonse (pafupifupi 100 magalamu). Kumadzulo kwa United States, nkhuni zikhoza kukhala zazifupi komanso zonenepa. Zakudya za mchere zimapangidwira kukula kwa batala.
Ku Germany ndi ambiri a European Union, batala amaikidwa mu 250 gram (pafupifupi 9 ounces), mipiringidzo yophimbidwa ndi zojambulazo, monga kirime kirimu ku US.
Pano pali chithunzi cha batala cha German mu mbale ya German yogulu.
Kumene Mungagule European Style Butter
Pali opanga angapo ku US omwe amapanga batala la ku Ulaya.
- Organic Valley Yurophu yopangidwa ndi batala - 84% butterfat.
- Plugra - 82% butterfat - zonona zokoma.
- Straus Family Creamery - 85% mafuta otsekemera - okoma, osati otukuka - kulamulira pa intaneti
- Vermont Butter ndi Cheese Creamery - 86% butterfat - amakula, ali ndi sitolo ya pa intaneti.
Ambiri mwa mankhwalawa amapezeka m'masitolo achilengedwe monga Whole Foods Market kapena Natural Grocers. Plugra akhoza nthawi zina kupezeka m'masitolo ambiri nthawi zonse.
Butterschmalz ndi chiyani?
"Butterschmalz" imafotokozedwa batala (apa ndizitsogolere pang'onopang'ono kuti mupange batala) kapena mafuta omwe amasungunuka, kuti madzi aziphika komanso zowawa za mkaka zikhale zosiyana. Sungani mkaka wa mkaka kuchokera pamwamba ndi zomwe zatsalira zikufotokozedwa batala. Zimakhala motalika kuposa mafuta ndipo siziwotchera mosavuta ngati kutentha kwakukulu kumagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Pali mankhwala ku Germany otchedwa "Butterschmalz" omwe ndi mtundu wa batala wochepetsetsa. Mwinamwake Crisco wokongoletsa batala akhoza kukhala m'malo mwabwino. Ghee ikufanana ndi mafuta okonzedwa bwino, kupatula kuti mkaka wa mkaka umaloledwa kukhala wofiira, ndikupatsa mafuta zakudya zabwino. Ngati muli ndi nthawi yochepa, gwiritsani ntchito theka la batala, theka la mafuta muzitsamba kapena zofiirira ngati m'malo mwa "Butterschmalz." Mafutawa amachititsa batala kuti isayaka koma imapitirizabe kuyaka.